Artículos científicos

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A Modular Aspect-Oriented Programming Approach of Join Point Interfaces
(2019) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Madariaga, Erika; Jiménez, Claudia; Carter, Luis
This paper describes and analyzes the main differences and advantages of the Join Point Interfaces (JPI) as an Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) approach for the modular software production concerning the standard aspect-oriented programming methodology for Java (AspectJ) to propose a structural modeling approach looking for modular software solutions. Using a Software Engineering point-of-view, we highlight the relevance of structural and conceptual design for JPI software applications. We model and implement a classic example of AOP using AspectJ and JPI as an application example to review their main difference and highlight the JPI consistency between products (models and code). Our proposal of UML JPI class diagrams allows the definition of oblivious classes which know about their JPI connections, an essential element to adapt and transform tradition like-AspectJ AOP solutions to their JPI version. Thus, for the modular software production and education, JPI seems an ideal software development approach.
A new model of regular black hole in (2 + 1) dimensions
(2021-06-28) Estrada, Milko; Tello Ortiz, Francisco
We provide a new regular black hole solution in (2 + 1) dimensions with the presence of matter fields in the energy momentum tensor. The inclusion of our proposed energy density plus a negative cosmological constant allows that the solution can have both flat as de Sitter or Anti-de Sitter core. This latter is a proper characteristic of our solution, because other models of regular black holes have only a single type of core. Since the first law of thermodynamics for regular black holes is modified by the presence of the matter fields, we provide a new version of the first law, where a local definition of the variation of energy is defined, and where the entropy and temperature are consistent with the ones previously known in the literature. At the hypothetical limit when the horizon radius r+ → ∞ the usual first law dM = TdS is recovered. The effectiveness of the formalism used to compute the mass of our regular black holes in (2 + 1) dimensions suggests the potential applicability of this method to calculate the mass of other models of regular black holes in d ≥ 4 dimensions.
A Spin / Promela Application for Model checking UML Sequence Diagrams
(2018) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Villarroel, Rodolfo; Rubio, José Miguel; Johnson, Franklin; Madariaga, Erika; Campos, Camilo; Carter, Luis
UML sequence diagrams usually represent the behavior of systems execution. Automated verification of UML sequence diagrams’ correctness is necessary because they can model critical algorithmic behaviors of information systems. UML sequence diagrams applications are often on the requirement and design phases of the software development process, and their correctness guarantees the accurate and transparent implementation of software products. The primary goal of this article is to review and improve the translation of basic and complex UML sequence diagrams into Spin / Promela code taking into account behavioral properties and elements of combined fragments of UML sequence diagrams for synchronous and asynchronous messages. This article also redefines a previous proposal for a transition system for UML sequence diagrams by specifying Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas to verify the model correctness. We present an application example of our modeling proposal on a modified version of a traditional case study by using UML sequence diagrams to translate it into Promela code to verify their properties and correctness.
Adsorption and desorption variability of four herbicides used in paddy rice production
(2011-01) Alister, Claudio A.; Araya, Manuel A.; Kogan, Marcelo
This investigation was performed to determine the effect of physicochemical soil properties on penoxsulam, molinate, bentazon, and MCPA adsorption-desorption processes. Four soils from Melozal (35° 43' S; 71° 41' W), Parral (36° 08' S; 71° 52' W), San Carlos (36° 24' S; 71° 57' W), and Panimavida (35° 44' S; 71° 24' W) were utilized. Herbicide adsorption reached equilibrium after 4 h in all soils. The Freundlich L-type isotherm described the adsorption process, which showed a high affinity between herbicides and sorption sites mainly because of hydrophobic and H-bonds interaction. Penoxsulam showed the highest adsorption coefficients (4.23 ± 0.72 to 10.69 ± 1.58 mL g⁻¹) and were related to soil pH. Molinate showed K(d) values between 1.72 ± 0.01 and 2.3 ± 0.01 mL g⁻¹ and were related to soil pH and organic matter, specifically to the amount of humic substances. Bentazon had a high relationship with pH and humic substances and its K(d) values were the lowest, ranging from 0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.42 ± 0.01 mL g⁻¹. MCPA K(d) ranged from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 2.72 ± 0.01 mL g⁻¹, however its adsorption was related to humic acids and clay content. According to these results, the soil factors that could explain the sorption process of the studied herbicides under paddy rice soil conditions, were principally humic substances and soil pH. Considering the sorption variability observed in this study and the potential risk for groundwater contamination, it is necessary to develop weed rice management strategies that limit use of herbicides that exhibit low soil adsorption in areas with predisposing conditions to soil leaching.
An Assessment of the Feasibility of Phytoextraction for the Stripping of Bioavailable Metals from Contaminated Soils
(2022-12-29) Santa‐Cruz, Javier; Robinson, Brett; Krutyakov, Yurii A.; Shapoval, Olga A.; Peñaloza, Patricia; Yáñez, Carolina; Neaman, Alexander
Phytoextraction has been proposed in many papers as a low-cost method for remediating contaminated soil. However, if national regulation is based on total metal(loid) concentrations in soil, phytoextraction is generally infeasible because of the long time required for remediation. Assessing phytoextraction requires determination of the dynamic rate of metal removal from soil. Phytoextraction may be feasible if the main goal is to reduce the soluble fraction of the metal(loid) with the goal of reducing bioavailability. However, it has been reported that there is a large mass balance mismatch between the reduction of the soluble metal fraction in contaminated soil and metal uptake by plants. Several studies report that the decrease of soluble fraction of metals in soil is higher than can be accounted for by plant uptake. In other words, studies generally overestimate the feasibility of bioavailable contaminant stripping. Therefore, a more rigorous approach is advisable to ensure that papers on bioavailable contaminant stripping include relevant information on mass balances. Furthermore, to implement the concept of bioavailable contaminant stripping, regulations must distinguish between the bioavailable fraction and the total metal concentration in soil.
Applying FireFly Algorithm to Solve the Problem of Balancing Curricula
(2019) Rubio, José Miguel; Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Soto, Ricardo; Madariaga, Erika; Johnson, Franklin; Carter, Luis
The problem of assigning a balanced academic curriculum to academic periods of a curriculum, that is, the balancing curricula, represents a traditional challenge for every educational institution which look for a match among students and professors. This article proposes a solution for the balancing curricula problem using an optimization technique based on the attraction of fireflies (FA) meta-heuristic. We perform a set of test and real instances to measure the performance of our solutionproposal just looking to deliver a system that will simplify the process of designing a curricular network in higher education institutions. The obtained results show that our solution achieves a fairly fast convergence and finds the optimum known in most of the tests carried out.
Applying PHP Codeigniter For Easy Web Development
(2020-03) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Jiménez, Claudia; Madariaga, Erika; Urzúa, Luis
Within the framework of the current advances in web technology, the main objective of the work is to describe the practical advantages of the PHP CodeIgniter 3.0 web development tool to provide a particular solution: MSRS v1.0 Manager Selection and Recruitment System, based on the requirements and structural design of MSRS and then present details of its implementation and operation. Thus, MSRS v1.0 is a web system that supports personnel selection processes in competitions under a specific professional profile, according to the definition of skills necessary for the position. Once the competencies and the level of the required domain have been defined, the items of questions to be evaluated are prepared under various reagent formats, whose responses reach a score that discriminates between the levels of the domain of the applicants, obtaining the most suitable candidate for the charge. The use of PHP CodeIgniter 3.0 stands out since, given a correct analysis of requirements and its logical database model, it allows the rapid development of web applications.
Aproximaciones a la deserción universitaria en Chile
(2018) Arancibia Carvajal, Rosa; Trigueros Cervantes, Carmen
La educación universitaria vespertina, en Chile, ha presentado en los últimos años, un acentuado crecimiento en su matrícula. Sin embargo, la interrupción de los estudios de quienes estudian en este horario de 19 a 23 horas (vespertino) ha sobrepasado la cifra promedio de deserción del sistema universitario chileno. Estos estudiantes se caracterizan por combinar responsabilidades familiares, laborales y académicas, presentando mayores niveles de deserción que los estudiantes que ingresan a la modalidad universitaria diurna, debido a las particularidades y situaciones que les rodean. En este contexto, esta investigación se propuso indagar sobre los factores que intervienen en las decisiones de abandono de los estudiantes universitarios con características no tradicionales, que asisten a programas de estudios vespertinos. Metodológicamente se optó por un diseño de investigación cualitativo de tipo exploratorio debido a la escasa investigación en la temática en el país. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a diez estudiantes desertores vespertinos. Una vez sistematizada la información, se obtuvo cuatro dimensiones emergentes de análisis, que sintetizaron las lógicas y significados que intervienen en el fenómeno que afecta a este grupo específico. Los hallazgos sobre la decisión de abandono de los estudiantes vespertinos de características no tradicionales dan cuenta de los siguientes factores, según relevancia, condiciones y características personales, capital y desempeño académico, imprevistos y circunstancias adversas y experiencias con la oferta institucional.
Aspect-Combining Functions for Modular MapReduce Solutions
(2018) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Villarroel, Rodolfo; Rubio, José Miguel; Johnson, Franklin; Madariaga, Érika; Urzúa, Alberto; Carter, Luis; Campos-Valdés, Camilo; López-Cortés, Xaviera A.
MapReduce represents a programming framework for modular Big Data computation that uses a function map to identify and target intermediate data in the mapping phase, and a function reduce to summarize the output of the map function and give a final result. Because inputs for the reduce function depend on the map function’s output to decrease the communication traffic of the output of map functions to the input of reduce functions, MapReduce permits defining combining function for local aggregation in the mapping phase. MapReduce Hadoop solutions do not warrant the combining functioning application. Even though there exist proposals for warranting the combining function execution, they break the modular nature of MapReduce solutions. Because Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is a programming paradigm that looks for the modular software production, this article proposes and apply Aspect-Combining function, an AOP combining function, to look for a modular MapReduce solution. The Aspect-Combining application results on MapReduce Hadoop experiments highlight computing performance and modularity improvements and a warranted execution of the combining function using an AOP framework like AspectJ as a mandatory requisite.
Barreras legales para la introducción del Crowdfunding en Colombia: análisis comparativo con España Legal barriers
(2018) Jiménez Sánchez, Jorge Iván; Rojas Restrepo, Farley Sary; Ramírez Tapias, Diego Alejandro
El artículo en primera medida describe el crowdfunding y sus diversas clasificaciones, las bondades en su utilización y su potencial para impulsar nuevas ideas de negocio. En segunda medida, analiza la situación legal de esta modalidad en Colombia, comparando su legislación con España, país que presenta un desarrollo más avanzado de esta fuente de financiación.
Big Data Education At The Chilean Academy: Is This Possible?
(2019-12) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Madariaga, Erika; Jiménez, Claudia; Urzúa, Luis
Technology evolves, and the human being presents a growing need for the use and generation of large volumes of information and data (Big Data). Working with Big Data with traditional computer systems is not feasible: Including new knowledge and technology of Big Data for inclusion in professional computer and computer education is necessary. The main objective of this work is to answer whether or not the Chilean academy is prepared to train specialists in Big Data. In addition to describing theoretical and practical components of Big Data along with introducing an essential tool of the subject, this work defines and presents the results of a survey to explore and analyze the reality of the academy in Chile regarding the degree of viability to train and train professionals competent in Big Data. Necessary conditions for developing Big Data competences in the Chilean academy require more adjustments. Specifically, the Chilean academy needs to adopt Big Data topics and solutions for developing those competencies in future professionals.
Brucelosis en personas con riesgo ocupacional en clínicas veterinarias de dos ciudades del centro sur de Chile
(2020-11-25) Weinborn A., Romy; Zanelli G., Macarena; Troncoso T., Ignacio; Opazo V., Álvaro; Valenzuela A., Karina; Cárdenas Z., Sebastián; García, Rodrigo; Vásquez A., Samuel
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de Brucella spp en personas con riesgo ocupacional en clínicas veterinarias de dos ciudades del centro sur de Chile (Talca y Puerto Montt). Se analizaron 98 sueros humanos mediante la técnica de aglutinación Wright-Huddleson (sensibilidad 54.9%, especificidad 100%) y se utilizó el test exacto de Fischer o X2 para evaluar diferencias significativas entre grupos (p<0.05). Se encontró 3% de seropositividad a Brucella spp (1.8% [1/53] para Talca y 4.4% [2/45] para Puerto Montt). Según las funciones realizadas dentro de las clínicas veterinarias, la seropositividad fue de 1.4% (1/71) para alumnos de medicina veterinaria y 10% (2/19) en médicos veterinarios, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos.
Cambios en la densidad y distribución espacial de las poblaciones del género Fissurella Spp. (Fissurellidae) y de Concholepas Concholepas (Muricidae), en áreas de manejo y explotación de recursos bentónicos con extracción de Lessonia Trabeculata (Phaeophyceae) de las regiones de Atacama y Coquimbo.
(2020-08) Morales Gallardo, Vanessa; Padilla Zambrano, Tiare; Figueroa-Fábrega, Luis; Ariz, Luis
Lessonia trabeculata es conocida por su rol como estructurador del ecosistema marino. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, las densidades naturales del alga han disminuido considerablemente, debido a la intensa actividad extractiva. Concholepas concholepas, Fissurella latimarginata y Fussurella cumingi son especies que cohabitan con huiro palo, por ende, dependen en gran medida unas de otras. Por este motivo el objetivo de este estudio es determinar si la extracción del recurso L. trabeculata genera cambios en la dinámica de las poblaciones submareales de C. concholepas, F. latimarginata y F. cumingi. Para ello se analizaron las densidades históricas registradas en AMERBs representativas de las Regiones de Atacama y Coquimbo. Los resultados muestran que tanto en las áreas de manejo de Atacama como en las de Coquimbo existen cuatro tendencias marcadas en la relación entre las densidades de L. trabeculata y C. concholepas, F. latimarginata y F. cumingi, observándose que áreas donde la densidad del huiro palo es alta, existen dos posibles situaciones; la primera en donde también lo es para los otros recursos asociados o que no lo sea. Y la segunda, en donde la baja densidad de huiro palo, genera mayor o menor densidad en el resto de los recursos.
Chilean regulations on metal-polluted soils: The need to advance fromadapting foreign laws towards developing sovereign legislation
(Environmental Research, 2020) Neaman, Alexander; Valenzuela, Patricio; Tapia-Gatica, Jaime; Selles, Iván; Novoselov, Alexey A.; Elvira A. Dovletyarova; Yáñez, Carolina; Krutyakov, Yurii A.; Stuckey, Jason W.
Chile as a major international Cu producer faces serious soil contamination issues in mining areas. CurrentlyChile does not have any specific law governing the maximum permissible concentrations of metals in soils toprotect ecosystems and human health. Chile heavily relies on the use of environmental laws of 14 foreigncountries; the choice of the country depends on the similarity of its environmental conditions with those in Chile.In this study, we used an online database to compare the similarity of Chilean rocks to those in foreign countries.Likewise, we performed soil sampling and determined the background concentrations of Cu, As, Pb, and Zn insoils of the Aconcagua basin, the largest river basin in the Valparaiso Region of central Chile. The results showedthat geochemical patterns in Chile have the greatest resemblance to New Zealand, Mexico, and Italy. Thebackground Cu concentration in the Aconcagua basin (134 mg kg−1) exceeded the legislated limits of NewZealand (100 mg kg−1) and Italy (120 mg kg−1), whereas the background Zn concentration (200 mg kg−1)exceeded the legislated limit of Italy (150 mg kg−1). Due to the elevated natural abundance of Cu and Zn inChile, international laws should not be applied in Chile for the assessment of soil contamination. In addition, weassessed ecological risk using the results of our previous studies obtained by analyzing nativefield-contaminatedsoils of the Valparaiso region. In the Aconcagua basin, Cu posed high risk for plants in 11% of the samples,whereas As posed high risk for earthworms in 48% of the samples. We suggest that future studies are required tosearch for other organisms that can serve as biomarkers of metal toxicity because our previous studies werelimited to plants and earthworms. Importantly, As posed high risk to human health in 25% of the samples in ourstudy. There is a need for future studies to demonstrate empirically an association between soil As and children'sblood As in order to establish the national threshold values of soil As to protect human health. We conclude thatthere is an urgent need in Chile to advance from the current approach of adapting foreign laws to developingChilean sovereign environmental legislation.
Competitive Strategies and Growth of Neighbouring Bromus valdivianus Phil. and Lolium perenne L. Plants Under Water Restriction
(2013-05) López, F.; Kemp, P. D.; Dörner, J.; Descalzi, C. A.; Balocchi, O. A.; García, S.
Often perennial pastures have to tolerate soil water restriction during summer, which can affect the relative abundance of the most desired species. In the south of Chile, Bromus valdivianus and Lolium perenne are preferred species. The competitiveness of B. valdivianus and L. perenne was evaluated when sown in pots in a glasshouse as monocultures or a mix (50/50 %) with restricted water availability. The water restriction treatments were as follows: 80–85 % field capacity (FC), 45–50 % FC and 20–25 % FC, maintained for 1196 growing degree days. For both species, dry matter (DM) accumulated per plant and per pot decreased similarly with increasing water restriction, but at tiller level, resource allocation differed, for B. valdivianus root growth was accentuated over aerial development, but this was less so for L. perenne. The foliage mass per tiller for B. valdivianus decreased relatively more than that for L. perenne with increasing water restriction. As monocultures, B. valdivianus produced larger tillers than L. perenne, such that B. valdivianus tillers had 2.2 times greater lamina mass, 3.6 times more leaf area and 2.5 times greater root mass than those of L. perenne. However, L. perenne produced a larger number of smaller tillers that enabled foliage, root and total mass at plant level, to be similar to that of B. valdivianus. Within the mixed pasture, L. perenne tiller density increased compared with when grown as a monoculture, but not for B. valdivianus. The results of the study suggested that L. perenne and B. valdivianus have differences in growth strategies that allow them to survive under environmental stress and competition. Competitiveness increased for L. perenne aboveground without water restriction and that for B. valdivianus increased belowground as water restriction was increased.
Conocimiento, prevalencia y valoración de prácticas deshonestas en estudiantes universitarios de Artes y Humanidades y de Ciencias de la Salud
(2022-10) Vásquez-Rocca, Liliana; Cuba Raime, Claret; Vásquez Velasco, Carolina
El avance tecnológico trajo consigo ventajas y desventajas en el ámbito académico, dando la posibilidad a las y los estudiantes y profesoras y profesores de acceder a una amplia información especializada. Entre las desventajas, se ubica el plagio, la copia y otras acciones similares. De hecho, la práctica deshonesta más frecuente entre las y los estudiantes del mundo es el plagio académico. Al respecto, las indagaciones en esta área son múltiples y desde diferentes aproximaciones teóricas. A nivel iberoamericano, Sureda, Comas y Urbina, (2005) y Comas-Forgas y Sureda-Negre (2010) realizaron estudios pioneros en el campo. En este marco, esta investigación tiene como objetivo comparar el conocimiento, prevalencia y valoración de prácticas deshonestas por parte de las y los estudiantes ingresantes a la universidad de las disciplinas de Artes y Humanidades (Perú) y de las Ciencias de la Salud (Chile). El método utilizado es el cuantitativo descriptivo con un diseño no experimental y transversal, la muestra consideró 217 participantes a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario validado previamente. Tras el análisis, los resultados muestran que el conocimiento del plagio y de las referencias no difiere entre ambos campos del saber. En cuanto a la prevalencia y valoración, en su mayoría presentan datos similares, salvo acciones y prácticas específicas que su sanción podría estar más normada por cuerpos legales.
Corticotropin-releasing factor system in the lateral septum: Implications in the pathophysiology of obesity
(2022-09-20) Olivares-Barraza, Rossy; Marcos, José Luis; Martínez-Pinto, Jonathan; Fuenzalida, Marco; Bravo, Javier A.; Gysling, Katia; Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón
Obesity is a pandemic associated with lifestyles changes. These include excess intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas, like the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been linked in both homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. Interestingly, these control systems are regulated by the lateral septum (LS), a relay of γ-aminobutyric (GABA) acid neurons (GABAergic neurons) that inhibit the LH and GABAergic interneurons of the VTA. Furthermore, the LS has a diverse receptor population for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, glutamate, GABA and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), among others. Particularly, CRF a key player in the stress response, has been related to the development of overweight and obesity. Moreover, evidence shows that LS neurons neurophysiologically regulate reward and stress, although there is little evidence of LS taking part in homeostatic and hedonic feeding. In this review, we discuss the evidence that supports the role of LS and CRF on feeding, and how alterations in this system contribute to weight gain obesity.
Daily changes on seasonal ecophysiological responses of the intertidal brown macroalga Lessonia spicata: Implications of climate change
(2022-09-28) Celis-Pla, Paula S. M.; Trabal, Andres; Navarrete, Camilo; Troncoso, Macarena; Moenne, Fabiola; Zuñiga, Antonio; Figueroa, Felix L.; Saéz, Claudio A.
Global climate change is expected to have detrimental effects on coastal ecosystems, with impacts observable at the local and regional levels, depending on factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients. Shifts in dominance between primary producers that can capitalize on carbon availability for photosynthesis will have knock-on effects on marine ecosystems, affecting their ecophysiological responses and biological processes. Here, we study the ecophysiological vulnerability, photoacclimation capacity, and tolerance responses as ecophysiological responses of the intertidal kelp Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) during a year through different seasons (autumn, winter, spring, and summer) in the Pacific Ocean (central Chile). Six different daily cycle experiments were carried out within each season. A battery of different biochemical assays associated with antioxidant responses and in-vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter showed that during spring and summer, there was an increase in photosynthetic capacity in the macroalgae, although their responses varied depending on light and nutrient availability in the course of the year. Lessonia spicata showed maximal photosynthesis and a similar photoinhibition pattern in summer compared to the other seasons, and the contents of nitrate and phosphorous in seawater were less in winter. Thus, high irradiance during spring and summer displayed a higher maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax), irradiance of saturation (Ek), non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax), nitrogen and carbon contents, and photoprotector compound levels. Antioxidant activity increased also in summer, the seasonal period with the highest oxidative stress conditions, i.e., the highest level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In contrast, under low irradiance, i.e., wintertime conditions, L. spicata demonstrated lower concentrations of the photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and carotenoids. Our study suggests that macroalgae that are subjected to increased irradiance and water temperature under lower nutrient availability mediated by seasonal changes (expected to worsen under climate change) respond with higher values of productivity, pigment contents, and photoprotective compounds. Thus, our findings strengthen the available evidence to predict that algae in the order Laminariales, specifically L. spicata (kelp), could better proliferate, with lower vulnerability and greater acclimation, than other marine species subject to future expected conditions associated with climate change.
Dendrobium nobile in vitro flowering induction
(2023-05-22) Nadal, Michele Carla; Silva Andrade, Gracielle Vidal; Nunes Flores, José Henrique; dos Reis, Michele Valquíria; Rodrigues, Vantuil Antonio; Pasqual, Moacir
In vitro flowering is a technique used in genetic improvement that accelerates generations and favors the faster fixation of new traits of agronomic and market interest. The study aimed to establish a protocol for the in vitro flowering of Dendrobium nobile, through the combined temperature and of the growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) effects. Experiments was performed in a flask that was kept in a BOD incubator at 18, 21, or 24 °C or in a growth room at 26 °C. The TDZ concentrations were 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L-1. The highest percentage of flowering shoots of 13.7% occurred at a concentration of 2 mg L-1 of TDZ grown at a temperature of 18 °C. Dendrobium nobile in vitro flowering was promoted in plants cultivated in ½ MS supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose, 5.5 g L-1 agar, 100 mL L-1 coconut water, pH 6.0, and 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ at a controlled temperature of 18 °C and a photoperiod of 16 h. The in vitro flowering induction protocol of the D. nobile species could be used or improved for future studies.Keywords: flowering, temperature, thidiazuron, Orchidaceae.
Developing Computing Competencies Without Restrictions
(2022-10-04) Vidal-Silva, Cristian; Barriga, Nicolás A.; Ortega-Cordero, Franco; González-López, Javiera; Jiménez-Quintana, Claudia; Pezoa-Fuentes, Claudia; Veas-González, Iván
The information society represents a great revolution. Computing programming is a relevant competence nowadays for everybody, regardless of educational background. However, traditional programming languages consider syntax barriers that complicate their adoption and usefulness for beginners. Python is an exception for its open-source, cross-platform nature and syntax simplicity, which facilitate the development of algorithmic thinking and dissemination of programming solutions. Several Python extensions support modern functionalities such as web development, videogame, and machine learning, making it one of the most used programming languages. Google Colab or Colaboratory facilitates the online learning and development of Python solutions. This article presents positive academic experiences of Chilean students of majors from two Chilean universities, a traditional university in the north and a private university in the middle of Chile, using Google Colab to develop programming competencies remotely for the Covid pandemic. We highlight the promising results obtained for basic programming and operating system programming subjects, which motivate us to use Python and Google Colab widely, not only in university contexts. We expect to continue developing programming competencies using Google Colab and Python. The main limitation encountered in this experience is the internet connection requirements for online education. However, it does not represent an issue for education in developing and developed countries. Google Colab permits the development of highly demanded competencies worldwide at home, only with internet access and a web browse, an excellent motivation for learning for all students regardless of age and academic level.

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