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Item Nivel de actividad física y estado de ánimo en universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19(2023-05-19) Orrego-Orrego, Daniel; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Guerrero-Henríquez, Juan; Toledo-Lara, José; Jímenez-Pavez, Soledad; Duclos-Bastías, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoIntroducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado problemas de salud física y mental en los universitarios. Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre nivel de actividad física y estado de ánimo en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Métodos: Participaron 215 estudiantes universitarios, edad 22,09 ± 2,61 (108 mujeres y 107 hombres) durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19. Fueron aplicados instrumentos en formato digital durante el mes de junio del año 2020. El nivel de actividad física se evaluó utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), forma corta, y el estado de ánimo se evaluó con la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA). Resultados: Estado de ánimo alegría presentó una correlación positiva significativa con todas las variables de actividad física, excepto con tiempo sentado. Estado de ánimo tristeza-depresión presentó una correlación negativa con equivalente metabólico de actividad física vigorosa (r -0,201; p= 0,003) y equivalente metabólico total (r -0,172; p= 0,011). Estado de ánimo ansiedad se correlacionó negativamente con equivalente metabólico de actividad física vigorosa (r -0,163; p= 0,017) y equivalente metabólico total (r -0,162; p= 0,018). Conclusiones: El nivel de actividad física se relaciona positivamente con el estado de ánimo, principalmente con el nivel de alegría, sin embargo, estas correlaciones presentan un tamaño del efecto pequeño.Item La labor docente de las profesoras de educación física en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Estudio de caso en un centro educativo(2023-09-15) Paéz, Jacqueline; Herrera, Gustavo; Rolle, Grissel; Yañez, Rodrigo; Reyes, Tomas; Cortes, Guillermo; Hurtado Almonacid, JuanLa pandemia de COVID-19 puso de manifiesto los retos a los que se enfrentan las mujeres que trabajan como profesoras, madres y amas de casa: (1) Propósito: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer las experiencias docentes de profesoras de educación física de un colegio particular de la comuna de Viña del Mar, Chile, durante la pandemia; (2) Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico con ocho informantes seleccionadas de manera intencional y por conveniencia, y se recolectaron datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas.; (3) Resultados: las participantes tuvieron que adaptar sus prácticas, priorizando los contenidos de motricidad y condición física e implementando nuevas estrategias con plataformas digitales. El rol de mujeres y madres fue un desafío para el trabajo profesional docente y el desarrollo de las clases e-learning fue visto como una situación de aprendizaje constante. (4) Conclusiones: Las mujeres docentes también tuvieron que cumplir con múltiples tareas asociadas a su género, al mismo tiempo que innovar, capacitarse y organizarse para sobrevivir en su labor profesional.Item Effects of a multi-professional intervention on body composition, physical fitness and biochemical markers in overweight COVID-19 survivors: a clinical trial(2023-08-27) Sordi, Ana Flávia; Medeiros Lemos, Maurício; de Souza Marques, Déborah Cristina; Ryal, Joed Jacinto; Silva Lalucci, Marielle Priscila de Paula; Guiraldi Marques, Marilene; Amaro Camilo, Maria Luiza; Ramos, Solange De Paula; Franzói De Moraes, Solange Marta; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Mota, Jorge; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueIntroduction: The sequelae post-COVID can affect different systems. In this sense, considering the multi-factorial etiology of COVID-19, multi-professional interventions could be a relevant strategy for recovery health indicators. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-professional intervention on body composition, physical fitness, and biomarkers in overweight COVID-19 survivors with different symptomatology. Methodology: A non-randomized parallel group intervention included 69 volunteers (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), divided into three groups according to SARS CoV-2 symptomatology, but only 35 finished the longitudinal protocol [control group (n = 11); moderate group (n = 17) and severe group (n = 7)]. The groups were submitted to a multi-professional program (nutritional intervention, psychoeducation, and physical exercise intervention) for 8 weeks, and the volunteers underwent body composition assessments (primary outcome) and physical and biochemical tests (secondary outcome) in pre- and post-intervention. This study was registered on the Clinical Trials Registration Platform number: RBR-4mxg57b and with the local research ethics committee protocol under number: 4,546,726/2021. Results: After the 8-week multi-professional intervention, the following results were observed for the moderate COVID-19 group: improved dynamic strength of lower- and (p = 0.003), upper-limbs (p = 0.008), maximal isometric lumbar-traction strength (p = 0.04), flexibility (p = 0.0006), and albumin (p = 0.0005), as well as a reduction in the C reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.003) and fasting glucose (p = 0.001); for the severe COVID-19 group: an improvement in dynamic lower-body strength (p = 0.001), higher values of albumin (p = 0.005) and HDL-c (p = 0.002), and lower values of CRP (p = 0.05), and for the control group: an improvement in sit-up repetitions (p = 0.008), and a reduction of CRP (p = 0.01), fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) were identified. All experimental groups reduced triglycerides after intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Finally, 8 weeks of multiprofessional intervention can be an efficient tool for reversing the inflammatory process and promoting improvements in daily activities and quality of life, although it is believed that the severe COVID-19 group needs longer interventions to improve different health indicators.Item Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes(2023-09-01) Nobari, Hadi; Azarian, Somayeh; Saedmocheshi, Saber; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; García Calvo, TomásObjectives: This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method: As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results: CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion: The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.Item Association between Physical Activity Habits with Cardiometabolic Variables, Body Composition, and Physical Performance in Chilean Older Women(2023-08-31) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; González-Castillo, Camila; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Muñoz-Vásquez, Cristopher; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThis study aimed to associate physical activity habits with cardiometabolic variables (blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), body composition (body fat percentage and fat-free mass), and physical performance (handgrip strength (HGS), timed up-and-go (TUG), and walking speed) in Chilean older women. An analytical cross-sectional study analyzed 179 older women with a mean age of 75.4 years distributed into physically inactive (PI) older women (n = 74) and physically active (PA) older women (n = 105). A logistic regression showed that PI older women presented an increased risk of hyperglycemia (OR = 4.70; p = 0.000), high blood pressure (OR = 3.83; p = 0.000), low HDL cholesterol levels (OR = 2.13; p = 0.03), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.54; p = 0.01), excess body fat percentage (OR = 4.33; p = 0.000), low fat-free mass (OR = 2.22; p = 0.02), low HGS in their dominant hand (OR = 3.37; p = 0.001) and non-dominant hand (OR = 3.60; p = 0.0001), and poor performance in TUG (OR = 5.60; p = 0.000) and walking speed (OR = 5.52; p = 0.000). In conclusion, physical inactivity was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, excess body fat percentage, lower fat-free mass, and poorer physical performance in Chilean older women. At the same time, PA older women showed a lower cardiometabolic risk, better body composition, and better physical performance than PI older women.Item Factors Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Levels in High School Students(2023-09-23) Gedda-Muñoz, Relmu; Fuentez Campos, Álvaro; Valenzuela Sakuda, Alfonso; Retamal Torres, Iván; Cruz Fuentes, Matías; Badicu, Georgian; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThis study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and stress levels with physical activity level and academic performance in high school students; secondly, this study aims to relate and compare anxiety, depression, and stress levels with physical activity level and academic performance. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and comparative cross-sectional study, which evaluated 443 high school students (48% female; 15.13 ± 1.59 years) belonging to the Maule region, Chile. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. Academic performance was consulted on language, mathematics, and overall grade point average. The results indicate that vigorous physical activity (OR = 0.504; p = 0.017) and high academic performance in mathematics (OR = 0.597; p = 0.027) are associated with a reduced risk of depression. In turn, there is a significant inverse correlation between physical activity with anxiety (r = −0.224; p = 0.000), depression (r = −0.224; p = 0.000) and stress (r = −0.108; p = 0.032), while the performance of mathematics is inversely correlated with depression (r = −0.176; p = 0.000). On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) between anxiety, depression, stress levels, and grade point average were found, with females exhibiting higher scores than males. In conclusion, greater vigorous physical activity and scoring above average in mathematics performance are protective factors against depression.Item Effects of Combined Movement and Storytelling Intervention on Fundamental Motor Skills, Language Development and Physical Activity Level in Children Aged 3 to 6 Years: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial(2023-09-09) Vargas-Vitoria, Rodrigo; Faúndez-Casanova, César; Cruz-Flores, Alberto; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Jarpa-Preisler, Stefany; Villar-Cavieres, Natalia; González-Muzzio, María Teresa; Garrido-González, Lorena; Flández-Valderrama, Jorge; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThis study protocol aims to analyze and compare the effects of combined movement and storytelling intervention (CMSI) on fundamental motor skills (locomotor skills and object control), language development (language comprehension, language expression, vocabulary and language description), and physical activity levels (light intensity, moderate-to-vigorous intensity and sedentary time) in children aged 3 to 6 years. The sample will consist of 144 children from 12 class groups, randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups (n = 72 children) and 3 control groups (n = 72 children), belonging to 4 class groups of upper-middle-level classes (2 experimental and 2 control; 3 to 4 years), 4 transition level 1 classes (2 experimental and 2 control; 4 to 5 years) and 4 transition level 2 classes (2 experimental and 2 control; 5 to 6 years). The experimental groups will perform CMSI for 3 sessions per week (40 min per session) over 12 weeks (using one motor story per week), while the control groups will not receive any treatment. The main outcome will provide information about fundamental motor skills, language development, and physical activity levels. Our hypothesis indicates that CMSI has the potential to generate significant increases in selected assessments. If this intervention proves to be beneficial, it could contribute to preschool and school curricula.Item Impact of social and physical factors on psychological well-being under covid-19 lockdown in taekwondo athletes: A cross-sectional study(2023-09-15) Monterrosa Quintero, Armando; De la Rosa, Adrián; Báez San Martin, Eduardo; Fuentes García, Juan Pedro; Poblete Valderrama, Felipe; Setiawan, Edi; Ojeda Aravena, AlexIn sports and taekwondo in particular, it is of interest to understand the impact of sociodemographic and physical factors of athletes during this period, as well as their impact on psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, demographic factors, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Taekwondo athletes. Seventy-eight male Taekwondo athletes (35 ± 14.6 years) at national and international levels participated in an online survey during the COVID-19 Lockdown period in September 2020. The factors analyzed included expertise, socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity levels. The main findings of this study indicated that university education level was significantly associated with both well-being and lower distress (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03). Similarly, athletes with a moderate level of physical activity showed a significant association with their state of well-being (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03) and absence of distress (χ2 = 10.5; p = 0.00). However, no significant associations were found between technical level and age category with well-being or distress. Our findings showed that the lockdown negatively affected both total physical activity levels and psychological well-being in Colombian Taekwondo Athletes. A higher educational level allows for a greater understanding of the situations presented during the pandemic, and the level of physical activity is a determinant of the mental health of athletes.Item Effects of 12 Weeks of Family and Individual Multi-Disciplinary Intervention in Overweight and Obese Adolescents under Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters: A Clinical Trial(2023-10-20) de Souza Marques, Déborah Cristina; dos Santos Moraes, Lilian Rosana; de Souza Marques, Marilene Ghiraldi; Ryal, Joed Jacinto; Santos, Isabella Caroline; Silva Lalucci, Marielle Priscila De Paula; Mota, Jorge; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Nardo, Greice Westphal; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueAdolescence is a complex period of human development in which young people are susceptible to unhealthy behaviors, such as physical inactivity and an unbalanced diet. This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of multi-disciplinary family and individual intervention on cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese adolescents and compare sub-groups, considering possible differences between sexes (males vs. females vs. intervention approach). Forty-three adolescents (13.73 ± 2.46 years old) of both sexes were divided into two groups: family group (FG) (n = 21; 14.24 ± 2.61 years old) and individual group (IG) (n = 22; 13.23 ± 2.27 years old). The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry (body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), calculation of body mass index (BMI), and waist–hip ratio (WHR)), body composition (fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), fat-free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (BF), and visceral fat), biochemical measures (fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c)), and the measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before and after the interventions. The multi-disciplinary interventions occurred for 12 weeks (three days a week lasting 1 h and 30 min, in which 30 min were dedicated to theoretical interventions (nutrition: nutritional education and psychology: psychoeducation) and 1 h to physical exercises. A time effect was observed for LM, FFM, SMM, FM, and HDL-c, with higher values after intervention and a significant decrease for FM, BF, visceral fat, fasting glucose, TG, TC, LDL-c, and DBP (p < 0.05). However, no group, sub-group, or interaction effects were observed when comparing FG, IG, or sexes (p > 0.05). The responses of the present study show that both multi-disciplinary approaches (family and individual) promoted improvement in the body composition indicators, biochemical markers, and DBP of overweight and obese adolescents independently of the intervention group. Given this finding, health professionals, families, and adolescents could choose the type of intervention based on their preferences.Item Anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and pulmonary function in an elite Chilean triathlete: A case study(2023-04-28) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Rivera-Kofler, Tomás; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Tuesta, MarceloThe objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and lung function in a high-performance Chilean triathlete ranked first in the national ranking. For this, the body composition profile proposed by Kerr, the somatotype according to Carter and Heath, lung volumes with spirometry according to the criteria of the ATS/ERS, the maximum dynamic inspiratory strength (S-index), the maximum inspiratory flow (FMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. The results showed 50.30% (30.28 kg) of muscle tissue, 21.46% (12.92 kg) of adipose tissue, a musculoskeletal index of 4.4, and a balanced mesomorphic somatotype (ENDO 2.0 – MESO 5.1 – ECTO 2.3). The VO2max was 77 ml/kg/min, the S-Index was 189 cmH2O, the FIM was 10.1 l/sec, the FEV1 was 4.08 l, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was 153 l and a maximum expiratory flow (FEM) of 584 l. In conclusion, the triathlete has a high level of muscle tissue and optimal percentage of subcutaneous body fat with a balanced physical form towards the muscle component. An outstanding cardiorespiratory capacity, inspiratory strength and lung function represents a great adaptation to the endurance tests that make up triathlon, especially swimming on inspiratory strength. Morphofunctional changes associated with the high-performance sports discipline are observed.Item Body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of overweight COVID-19 survivors in different severity degrees: a cohort study(2023-10-17) Santos Perli, Victor Augusto; Sordi, Ana Flávia; Medeiros Lemos, Maurício; Araujo Fernandes, Jhemilly Scarleth; Nanuncio Capucho, Virgínia Benedetti; Ferrari Silva, Bruno; de Paula Ramos, Solange; Valdés‑Badilla, Pablo; Mota, JorgeCOVID-19 sequelae are varied, and whether they are temporary or permanent is still unknown. Identifying these sequelae may guide therapeutic strategies to improve these individuals' recovery. This prospective cohort aimed to assess body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness, and long-term symptoms of overweight individuals affected by COVID-19. Participants (n = 90) were divided into three groups according to the severity of acute COVID-19: mild (no hospitalization), moderate (hospitalization, without oxygen support), and severe/critical cases (hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit). We assessed body composition with a tetrapolar multifrequency bioimpedance, hemodynamic variables (heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation-SpO2) at rest, and the Bruce test with direct gas exchange. Two assessments with a one-year interval were performed. The most prevalent long-term symptoms were memory deficit (66.7%), lack of concentration (51.7%), fatigue (65.6%), and dyspnea (40%). Bruce test presented a time effect with an increase in the distance walked after 1 year just for severe/critical group (p < 0.05). SpO2 was significantly lower in the severe/critical group up to 5 min after the Bruce test when compared to the mild group, and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the Bruce test was significantly higher in the severe/critical group when compared to mild group (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). A time effect was observed for body composition, with increased lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, and lean mass just for the severe/critical group after 1 year (p < 0.05). Cardiopulmonary fitness parameters did not differ among the groups, except for respiratory quotient with higher values for the severe/critical group when compared to itself after 1 year. All COVID-19 patients might present long-term sequelae, regardless of the acute disease severity. Reassessing and identifying the most prevalent long-term sequelae are essential to perform more precise health promotion interventions.Item Impact of adapted taekwondo vs. multicomponent training on health status in independent older women: a randomized controlled trial(2023-10-09) Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique; Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Nobari, HadiThis study, called the TKD and Aging Project, aimed to analyze and compare the effects of an adapted taekwondo program concerning multicomponent training on blood pressure, morphological variables, food consumption frequency, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), physical fitness, handgrip strength, and postural balance in independent older women. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted with parallel groups for 8 weeks (24 sessions of 60 min each), employing a double-blind design and incorporating repeated measures. Twenty-eight older women initially participated in the intervention. Three participants were excluded because they did not participate in the re-assessments. Thus, 14 older women from the adapted taekwondo group (TKD; age: 62.86 ± 2.38 years) and 11 from the multicomponent training group (MCT; age: 63.18 ± 1.94 years) participated in the final analysis. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure the time × group effect. The TKD showed significant improvements in the mental health (p = 0.024; ES = 0.91) and general health (p < 0.001; ES = 0.75) dimensions of the HRQoL, as well as in the chair stand (p = 0.001; ES = 1.18), arm curl (p < 0.001; ES = 2.10), 2-min step (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73), and chair sit-and-reach (p = 0.001; ES = 0.91) tests. Additionally, it showed a significant reduction in postural balance for the eyes-closed condition in the center of the pressure area (p = 0.021; ES = 0.89), mean velocity (p = 0.004; ES = 0.79), and mediolateral velocity (p < 0.001; ES = 1.26). However, the MCT showed significant increases in the general health (p = 0.013; ES = 0.95) dimension of the HRQoL and a significant reduction (p = 0.039; ES = 0.28) in the mediolateral velocity of postural balance for the eyes-closed condition. Multiple comparisons showed that the TKD scored significantly higher in the chair stand (p = 0.017; ES = 1.79), arm curl (p = 0.003; ES = 1.77), and 2-min step (p = 0.018; ES = 0.91) tests than the MCT. Compared to multicomponent training, taekwondo improves postural balance and provides better benefits in terms of physical fitness and HRQoL for older women. Therefore, it is possible to recommend it as a safe physical activity strategy, as long as it is well-dosed, since it showed high adherence to intervention in older women.Item Effects of different cluster-set rest intervals during plyometric-jump training on measures of physical fitness: A randomized trial(2023-10-04) Taaty Moghadam, Behzad; Shirvani, Hossein; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Paydar Ardakani, Seyed Mojtaba; Abdolmohamadi, Ali; Bazgir, BehzadThe optimal intra-set rest for cluster sets (CLS) during plyometric-jump training (PJT) to improve physical fitness remains unclear. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the effects of PJT with traditional (TRS) vs. CLS structures, using different intra-set rests, on the physical fitness of healthy participants. Forty-seven recreationally active young men performed 3–5 sets of 10–12 repetitions of upper- and lower-body PJT exercises twice a week for six weeks using different set configurations: TRS group (no intra-set rest), and the CLS10, CLS20 and CLS30 groups with 10, 20 and 30 s of intra-set rest, respectively, while the total rest period was equated. Pretest-posttest measurements were carried out 48 h before and after the intervention and the rating of fatigue (ROF) was also assessed using a numerical scale (0–10 points) 20 min after the first and last (i.e., 12th) session. There was no significant difference in the mean energy intake between groups (p > 0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA revealed that all groups showed similar improvements (p < 0.05) in body mass, body mass index, fat-free mass, one repetition maximum (dynamic strength) and repetitions to failure (muscular endurance) in back squat and chest press, handgrip strength, standing long jump, 20 m sprint, 9-m shuttle run (change of direction speed), and ROF. Of note, the ROF was lower for the CLS20 and CLS30 groups, independent from the training effect. The physical fitness of recreationally active young men improved after 6 weeks of PJT involving intra-set rest intervals of 0 s, 10 s, 20 s, or 30 s. However, an intra-set rest of 20 s and 30 s seems to induce lower exercise-induced fatigue perception.Item Differences in energy expenditure, amount of physical activity and physical exertion level during a Zumba fitness class among adult women who are normal weight, overweight and obese(2018-02) Yáñez-Sepúlvedad, Rodrigo; Barraza-Gómez, Fernando; Báez San Martin, Eduardo; Araneda, Oscar F.; Zavala, Juan P.; Hecht, Gernot K.; Tuesta, MarceloBACKGROUND: One of the most popular expressions of massive group classes of aerobic physical activity is Zumba fitness. The aim of the study was to compare and relate the energy expenditure and the amount and intensity of physical effort during a Zumba fitness class in women with different Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Body displacements of 61 adult women who performed a one-hour Zumba session were evaluated with triaxial accelerometers. In order to observe the effect of BMI women were divided into normal weight (N.=26), overweight (N.=21) and obese groups (N.=14). RESULTS: The average number of steps was 4533.3±1351 and the percentage of total class time of moderate to vigorous intensity (% MVPA) was 53.8±14.4%. The metabolic intensity average was 3.64±1.1 MET, with an energy expenditure by total body mass of 3.9±1.6 kcal/kg. When analyzing groups, the normal weight group had a greater number of steps (5184.2±1561.1 steps/class) compared to overweight (4244.8±1049.3 steps/class) and obese women (3756.9±685.7 steps/class) with P<0.05. Also, the normal weight group spent a lower percentage of class time at the lower levels of intensity (sedentary and lifestyle activity levels) and more time at the highest levels (vigorous and very vigorous) compared to obese women (P<0.05). Participants with a normal weight obtained a higher % MVPA (62.1±15%) compared to overweight (50.1±9.4%) and obese (44.1±11.9%) groups with P<0.05. A metabolic intensity of 4.6±1.9 MET in the normal weight group was higher compared to 3.5±1.0 MET in the overweight (P<0.05) and 3.1±1.2 MET in the obese group (P<0.05), was observed. The subjective perception of effort was 7.84±0.9 (Borg CR 10), no differences between groups. Also we observed in all participants that at higher BMI values, there were lower energy expenditure values per kilo of weight (r=-0.40; P<0.001), metabolic intensity (r=-0.39; P<0.001), step counts (r=-0.43; P<0.001) and % MVPA (r=-0.50; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a higher BMI is associated with a lower intensity of effort, energy expenditure and amount of physical activity during a one-hour Zumba class, restricting to overweight and obese women to achieving the effort parameters recommended to control weight and improve cardiovascular fitness.Item An empiric validation of linguistic features in machine learning models for fake news detection(2023-07-28) Puraivan, Eduardo; Venegas, René; Riquelme, FabiánThe diffusion of fake news is a growing problem with a high and negative social impact. There are several approaches to address the detection of fake news. This work focuses on a hybrid approach based on functional linguistic features and machine learning. There are several recent works with this approach. However, there are no clear guidelines on which linguistic features are most appropriate nor how to justify their use. Furthermore, many classification results are modest compared to recent advances in natural language processing. Our proposal considers 88 features organized in surface information, part of speech, discursive characteristics, and readability indices. On a 42 677 news database, we show that the classification results outperform previous work, even outperforming state-of-the-art techniques such as BERT, reaching 99.99% accuracy. A proper selection of linguistic features is crucial for interpretability as well as the performance of the models. In this sense, our proposal contributes to the intentional selection of linguistic features, overcoming current technical issues. We identified 32 features that show differences between the type of news. The results are highly competitive in the classification and simple to implement and interpret.Item Intensidad y nivel de la actividad física en diabladas de la fiesta de la Tirana en Chile(2023-06-28) Yañez Sepulveda, Rodrigo Alejandro; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; De Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Reyes-Amigo, TomásEl objetivo fue analizar la intensidad y el nivel de actividad física en diabladas durante la fiesta de la Tirana en Chile. El estudio fue no experimental, transversal, exploratorio, descriptivo y comparativo. Participaron 50 bailarines de una diablada de Chile (30 mujeres y 20 hombres). Las evaluaciones se realizaron durante la fiesta religiosa de la Tirana en el Norte de Chile. Para cuantificar las variables de estudio se utilizaron acelerómetros Actigraph modelo GTX-3 que fueron instalados en la cintura. Los bailarines tuvieron jornadas de baile efectivo entre 3 y 5 horas/día. La intensidad promedio por hora de baile fue de 3,1 ± 1,0 METs, el porcentaje de intensidad de baile a intensidad moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) fue de 46,4% ± 2,7%; el promedio de pasos por hora fue de 3124 ± 178 y el tiempo en actividad moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) estuvo en rangos entre 83,1 a 138,5 min por día. Se encontraron diferencias en la actividad física muy vigorosa entre hombres y mujeres (F=9,57; p=0,003; n2p= 0,127). Los bailarines de Diabladas presentan elevados niveles de actividad física durante la fiesta religiosa de la Tirana en Chile. Cada día los bailarines sobrepasan las recomendaciones internacionales de actividad física, lo que puede generar beneficios en la salud y calidad de vida.Item Estado de ánimo en adultos físicamente activos e inactivos durante la pandemia por COVID-19(2023-06-28) Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Jímenez-Pavez, Soledad; Yañez Sepulveda, Rodrigo AlejandroObjetivo: Comparar el estado de ánimo en un grupo de adultos físicamente activos (FA) entrenados de forma remota durante un periodo de cuarentena por COVID-19 y un grupo de adultos inactivos físicamente (IF). Métodos: Fue aplicada la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA) a ambos grupos, FA (n = 15), edad 23±3,7 años de un club de cheerleading y a un grupo IF (n=15) edad 27±2,4 años, en dos ocasiones con un tiempo de separación de un mes. Se recopilaron datos, en ambos periodos, de estado de ánimo (EA), específicamente ansiedad, tristeza, alegría e ira. Fueron comparados los EA entre grupos en dos periodos y EA por grupo en cada periodo. Si el p-valor (sig) es menor a 0,05, se establece la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre mediciones y los grupos. Para calcular el tamaño del efecto (TE) de la diferencia, se aplicó la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados: Arrojaron en ambas mediciones que FA presentó en comparación a IF menos ansiedad (p = 0,00; TE 1,37; p = 0,00; TE 2,07), tristeza (p = 0,06; TE 0,57; p = 0,00; TE 1,99) e ira (p = 0,00; TE 0,77; p = 0,00; TE 3,43), y mayor alegría (p = 0,01, TE 0,98; p = 0,00; TE 3,60) respectivamente. Además, FA en la 2ª medición disminuyó la tristeza (p = 0,25, TE 0,45) y la ira (p = 0,05, TE 0,57) y aumentó la alegría (p = 0,05; TE 0,75), mientras que IF aumentó la ira (p = 0.00; TE 2,11) y disminuyó la alegría (p = 0,12, TE 1,07). Conclusión: FA presento mejor estado de ánimo que IF en ambas mediciones durante la pandemia COVID-19, y disminuyó EA negativo y aumentó EA positivo, dando cuenta de los efectos positivos del ejercicio físico sobre EA.Item Effects of Structured and Unstructured Physical Activity on Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Students to Promote Sustainability in the Physical Education Classroom(2023-06-27) Abusleme-Allimant, Rosita; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Arroyo-Jofré, Patricio; Páez-Herrera, JacquelineBasic motor skills are the basis for the formation and execution of movements that will be utilized throughout an individual’s lifetime, thus promoting their involvement and continued participation in physical activity. (1) Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a physical education program, based on a model of structured and unstructured physical activity, on the motor development of kindergarten students at a private school for girls in Con Con, Chile. (2) Methods: Thirty-four female students were divided into two groups, one participated in structured physical activity and the other in unstructured physical activity, and both groups then underwent a 12-week intervention. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was utilized to evaluate motor behaviors, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and relative frequencies. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare differences at the beginning and end of the intervention, while the Whitney–Mann U test was used to determine differences between groups. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the overall group when comparing the start and end of the intervention for total motor development (p = 0.001), locomotion skills (p = 0.018), and object control (p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between the two types of intervention activities. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that both structured and unstructured physical activity interventions enhance overall motor development, particularly in the dimensions of locomotion and object control. The results indicate that unstructured physical activity interventions may lead to better outcomes in motor development tests compared to structured interventions.Item Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity of Mobile Applications to Assess Change of Direction Speed(2023-07) Şahin Uysal, Hüseyin; Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Ulaş, Mehmet; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoThis study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of mobile applications for assessing change-of-direction speed (CODS) performance. Thirty college athletes performed two Illinois CODS tests during one session. Assessments were carried out simultaneously using six devices (the CODTimer app, Seconds Count app, StopwatchCamera app, two analog stopwatches, and timing gates). Validity analyses included Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis, a linear regression model, and Bland-Altman plots. Reliability analyses included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the coefficient of variation (CV%), and the paired-sample t test. Sensitivity analyses included the typical error and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The results showed that validity, reliability, and sensitivity values were higher for the CODTimer app (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.99, mean bias = −0.03 ± 0.10, CV% = 3.21, ICC = 0.89, SWC rating: good, p = 0.84) and the Seconds Count app (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.99, mean bias = −0.03 ± 0.08, CV% = 3.28, ICC = 0.88, SWC rating: good, p = 0.84) relative to the StopwatchCamera app (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.97, mean bias = −0.11 ± 0.22, CV% = 3.43, ICC = 0.86, SWC rating: marginal, p = 0.10), Analog Stopwatch 1 (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.96, mean bias = −0.09 ± 0.42, CV% = 2.95, ICC = 0.90, SWC rating: good, p = 0.91), and Analog Stopwatch 2 (r = 0.99, R2 = 0.97, mean bias = −0.12 ± 0.88, CV% = 3.51, ICC = 0.87, SWC rating: marginal, p = 0.96). In conclusion, compared to timing gates, the CODTimer app and Seconds Count app provided lower measurement bias and higher sensitivity for assessing CODS performance.Item Anthropometric Characteristics, Handgrip Strength, and Upper Limb Asymmetries in Highly Trained Chilean Shot Put Para-Athletes(2023-08) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo, MikelAnthropometric characteristics, including body size, shape, and composition, can have a significant impact on sports performance due to their influence on various physiological and biomechanical factors. However, limited research has been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of highly trained throwing para-athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb bilateral asymmetries of highly trained Chilean shot put para-throwers. Five male Chilean shot put para-athletes (average age of 38.8 ± 7.7 years) were assessed for their anthropometric characteristics, including skinfold thickness at six anatomical sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at two sites. Handgrip strength and bilateral asymmetries were also measured. The body mass and height of the athletes were found to be 90.5 ± 5.1 kg and 179.1 ± 8.9 cm, respectively. The athletes were found to have an endo-mesomorph somatotype (4.4-6.9-1.0) with high levels of fat mass (25.7 ± 2.8 %) and skeletal muscle mass (39.1 ± 3.7 %). The handgrip strength of the athletes was found to be 66.4 ± 6.7 kg with a bilateral asymmetry of 6.5 ± 6.2 %, with the dominant hand showing greater strength. The results indicate that the shot put para-athletes have a somatotype characterized by increased muscularity and body fat, along with a considerable stature. Although handgrip strength was found to be high, the athletes showed bilateral asymmetry, which requires further investigation to determine the cause and implications.