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Item Suicide prevention research: A bibliometric analysis from 1982 to 2021(2022) Suárez-Soto, Elizabeth; Puraivan, Eduardo; Ferrada, CristianBackground: Suicide is the most extreme outcome of a mental health crisis and should therefore be a key priority in any mental health prevention response. Objective: the aim of this study was to identify the scientific production and its temporal evolution related to suicide prevention. Method: To do this, a quantitative, descriptive and bibliometric type study was carried out, allowing us to know the current situation regarding this issue. The analysis was performed using Scopus’ own metrics and the use of the Bibliometrix software. Results: The sample to be analyzed constituted 272 papers. The results indicated a progressive growth of productivity levels, with 2018 being the most prolific year of that decade. The United Kingdom and the United States were the geographical territories with the greatest scientific production on the subject. The discipline that has studied suicide the most throughout the 40 years of research is the area of medicine, representing 60.2%. Conclusions: Overall, our analyses shed light on the strong growth of research in suicidology. We believe that these bibliometric analyses can be useful in guiding researchers, institutions, and countries in the prevention of suicide.Item Discurso autocentrado en cuatro clases universitarias: estudio sustentado en los turnos de habla(2022-12-31) Escalona Montes de Oca, IvyEl estudio se enfoca en el análisis de los turnos de habla dentro del proceso comunicativo de clases universitarias. Se observaron cuatro discursos pedagógicos durante cincuenta minutos, se grabaron en audio y se categorizaron los turnos de habla. Posteriormente se interpretó la información desde una mirada reflexiva, atendiendo a los postulados del Análisis del Discurso (AD). Los resultados derivados del análisis del corpus mantienen un patrón interactivo sin alteraciones significativas: el docente explica y pregunta, el estudiante escucha y responde. Las conclusiones proporcionan aseveraciones de la autora en cuanto a las características del discurso autocentrado y la necesidad de transformar los entornos académicos, a través de discursos pedagógicos universitarios interactivos, reflexivos y abiertos.Item Efecto agudo de una sesión de yoga de corta duración en el nivel de estrés en escolares(2022-01-06) Ortiz Torres, Melissa Andrea; Pérez Suárez, Sebastián Ignacio; Vásquez Navarrete, Camila Andrea; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yañez Sepulveda, Rodrigo AlejandroEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto agudo de una sesión de yoga en el nivel de estrés cotidiano en escolares. Participaron 21 escolares chilenos de 11,62 ± 0,50 años, los cuales fueron divididos en dos grupos (Grupo Experimental [GE]= 8; Grupo Control [GC]= 13). Se aplicó una sesión de yoga de 25 minutos de duración en el grupo experimental, mientras que el grupo control participó de una clase teórica en conducta sedentaria. El nivel de estrés se midió antes y despúes de la intervención con el Test Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil (IECI). Se utilizó la prueba de Shapiro Wilk para determinar la normalidad de los datos. La prueba t-Student para muestras relacionadas fue utilizada para comparar los efectos de la sesión previo y posterior a la intervención en el mismo grupo, mientras que la prueba t- Student para muestras independientes se usó para comparar los efectos entre los grupos experimental y control. Además, se usó la d de Cohen para para determinar el tamaño del efecto. El nivel de significancia se estableció en p<0,05. Se observó una disminución del nivel total de estrés cotidiano con un efecto moderado en el grupo experimental posterior a la intervención (Pre=16,25 ± 3,05; Post= 10,75 ± 4,74; p=0,005; TE= 0,57), mientras que en el grupo control no se encontraron efectos significativos post intervención (Pre=13,46 ± 5,57; Post=13,3 ± 5,55; p=0,337; TE=0,01). Se concluye que una sesión de yoga de corta duración puede proporcionar una disminución en los niveles de estrés en escolares.Item Efectos del entrenamiento con movimientos de halterofilia en el rendimiento de esprint, salto y cambio de dirección en deportistas: Una revisión sistemática(2022-04-01) Mateluna Núñez, Cristián Andrés; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoLa capacidad de generar máxima potencia neuromuscular es el factor más importante y determinante en el rendimiento atlético. Debido a esto, el entrenamiento con movimientos de Halterofilia (EMH) y sus derivados es uno de los métodos más usados, ya que la evidencia muestra que genera adaptaciones de fuerza-potencia superiores comparadas con el entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional, de salto y de kettlebells. Objetivo: Identificar los efectos del EMH en la capacidad de salto, esprint y cambio de dirección (COD) en población deportista. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos, como PUBMED, Sportdiscus (EBSCO), Scopus y Web of Science (WOS) bajo modelo PRISMA. Los trabajos revisados fueron experimentales con y sin grupo de control, entre los años 2000 y 2020. Resultados: El EMH produce mejoras significativas en las capacidades de salto, de esprint y de COD en población deportista. Conclusión: El EMH genera mejoras significativas en el rendimiento de salto, carreras y cambio de dirección bajo distintos protocolos. Existe evidencia que sustenta la aplicación de EMH, recomendando sus derivados centrados en el segundo tirón y aquellos que utilicen el ciclo de estiramiento-acortamiento en sus variantes colgantes.Item Competencias que precisan estudiantes de educación física en la práctica profesional: representaciones desde la experiencia de profesores mentores del sistema escolar chileno(2022-06-21) Guerrero Sánchez, Maryorie Alejandra; Martínez Andunce, Pamela; Hinojosa Torres, Claudio; Vargas Díaz, Hugo; Araya Hernández, Anthony; Hurtado Guerrero, MacarenaLa práctica profesional es una etapa fundamental de la formación docente puesto que es el momento en el cual el estudiante tiene la posibilidad de aplicar lo aprendido, interactuar con la comunidad escolar y afianzar su rol docente. El presente estudio buscó comprender las representaciones de profesores mentores sobre las competencias que precisan estudiantes de pedagogía en educación física para realizar satisfactoriamente su práctica profesional. Se determinó una metodología cualitativa y un diseño fenomenológico. Se recogieron datos con una encuesta online y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 23 profesores mentores (media edad= 43 años; media experiencia= 16 años) de establecimientos educacionales de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. Se desarrolló análisis de contenido y de discurso con el software ATLAS.ti 9. Como conclusión se evidencia que las competencias para el óptimo desempeño de la práctica se asocian a: a) profesionales; b) sociales; y c) técnicas, las cuales se constituyen como competencias de base para el desempeño profesional futuro de los docentes en formación.Item Efecto agudo de una sesión de Educación física orientada a la meditación en los niveles de estrés en escolares: un estudio controlado aleatorizado(2022-09-28) Yañez Sepulveda, Rodrigo Alejandro; Ortiz de Zárate, Benjamín; Tapia-Maldonado, Michel; González-Carreño, Jacob; Castro-Tapia, Lilian; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Olivares-Arancibia, JorgeEl objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar el efecto agudo de una sesión de Educación Física orientada a la meditación en los niveles de estrés en escolares de 8 a 12 años., Participaron 34 escolares chilenos, los cuales fueron divididos de manera aleatoria en un grupo experimental (n18) y un grupo control (n16). Durante una clase de Educación Física el grupo experimental realizó una sesión de meditación de mindfulness con una duración de 15 minutos, mientras el grupo de control hizo una encuesta de hábitos saludables en conducta sedentaria. El nivel de estrés se midió antes y después de la intervención con el Test Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil (IECI). Con la prueba de Shapiro Wilk se determinó la normalidad de los datos, la prueba t-Student para muestras relacionadas y la t-Student para muestras independientes se utilizaron para la comparación entre los grupos, con la g de Hedges se calculó el tamaño del efecto. El nivel de significancia se estableció en p<0,05. Se observó una baja del nivel total de estrés cotidiano con un efecto moderado en el grupo experimental (PRE: 7,22–POST: 6.17; P=0,037; TE=0,40), en el grupo control no se observaron efectos en el nivel de estrés (p>0,05) posterior a la intervención. Se concluye que una sesión de meditación de corta duración realizada durante la clase de Educación Física puede proporcionar una disminución en los niveles de estrés en escolares, aspecto a tener en cuenta a la hora de mejorar el aprendizaje en la escuela.Item Efectos de una Intervención Nutricional Asociada a Entrenamiento Concurrente en la Composición Corporal de Hombres Físicamente Activos(2022-06) Fuentes-Toledo, Cristián; Jorquera-Aguilera, Carlos; Vargas-Silva, Juan; Peña-Jorquera, Humberto; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoLa práctica regular de ejercicio físico es una de las estrategias que se utiliza para optimizar la composición corporal. Para esto, no siempre se considera una intervención nutricional como parte de un trabajo interdisciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los efectos de un programa de intervención nutricional asociada a un entrenamiento concurrente en la composición corporal evaluada a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA) en hombres físicamente activos. La intervención tuvo una duración de 6 meses, donde participaron 12 personas (23,4 ± 4,9 años). Durante los primeros 5 meses se aplicó una planificación alimentaria y de entrenamiento ajustado a las características individuales de cada uno de los participantes, al comienzo del 6º mes, fue eliminada la planificación alimentaria y sólo se mantuvo el entrenamiento, esto con el objetivo de analizar los posibles cambios de composición corporal de los participantes. Antes (previo al programa de intervención), durante (al final del mes 5) y posterior a la intervención (final del mes 6) se evaluó el tejido adiposo, muscular y la masa libre de grasa a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA). Los resultados muestran que el programa de entrenamiento con intervención nutricional generaron en los primeros 5 meses, una disminución del porcentaje de tejido adiposo (PRE= 16,20 ± 4,75; POST= 9,52 ± 3,70; p= 0,000; TE= 1,51) e índice de tejido adiposo (PRE= 5,34 ± 1,75; POST= 3,16 ± 1,34; p=0,001; TE=1,35), aumento del porcentaje de tejido muscular (PRE= 46,05 ± 3,02; POST= 49,90 ± 2,90; p=0,004; TE= -1,25) y aumento el índice muscular/adiposo (PRE= 2,53 ± 0,75; POST= 4,85 ± 2,64; p=0,005; TE= -1,15), efectos que se atenúan significativamente cuando la intervención nutricional fue retirada del programa de intervención (p>0.05). Se concluye que la intervención nutricional es un factor clave para generar efectos positivos en la optimización de la composición corporal independientemente del nivel de entrenamiento de las personas. Estos resultados evidencian la importancia de la realización de una planificación alimentaria individualizada, ejecutada por un profesional nutricionista en los cambios de la composición corporal en sujetos físicamente activos. Los resultados de este estudio podrían orientar la consideración de un profesional nutricionista a la hora de formar equipos transdisciplinarios con el fin de mejorar hábitos de alimentación y de composición corporal.Item Interrelationship among body mass index, body composition, and biochemical profiles of overweight adolescents in south of Brazil: A cross-sectional study.(2023-03-23) de Paula Silva Lalucci, Marielle Priscila; de Souza Marques, Déborah Cristina; Caroline Santos, Isabella; Zirondi Caitano, Jéssica; Ferrari Silva, Bruno; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Magnani Branco, Braulio HenriqueIntroduction: Obesity in adolescence is associated with severe health complications. Objective: To analyze possible associations among body mass index (BMI), body composition, and biochemical profiles of overweight or obese adolescents. Methods: The study was carried out between 2017 and 2020 and included 132 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. The following variables were analyzed: BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass (BFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat percentage (%BF), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lean mass index (LMI), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-to-lean mass ratio (FMR), as well as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS® version 20.0, considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: Higher values were identified for height, LBM, FFM, and SMM in the male group. On the other hand, higher values were identified for the %BF and FMI in the female group. The female, male, and general groups showed significant correlations between BMI and FMR (r = 0.69, 0.74, and 0.69, respectively), BMI and FFM (r = 0.44, 0.67, and 0.49, respectively), BMI and SMM (r = 0.44, 0.68, and 0.50, respectively), and BMI and %BF (r = 0.40, 0.54, and 0.47, respectively). In the general group, BMI and HDL levels were correlated (r = −0.18; p=0.04). The BFM and WHR showed a predictive effect for TC; WHR and %BF showed a predictive effect for LDL concentrations, and %BF had a predictive effect for TGO (p<0.05). Conclusions: It was possible to verify that BMI, body composition, and biochemical measures show an interrelationship between them, such as with a worsening of anthropometric and body composition indicators associated with worst biochemical parameters, e.g., lower HDL-c and higher TC, LDL-c, and TGO. Thus, public policies are indispensable for combating obesity and related comorbidities in the early phases of life.Item Anthropometric Profile and Physical Activity Level as Predictors of Postural Balance in Overweight and Obese Children(2023-01-14) Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo; Mendez-Rebolledo, Guillermo; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristián; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Herrera-Valenzuela, TomásOverweightness and obesity can negatively influence many activities, including postural balance and locomotion, increasing predisposition to injury and risk of falls due to limitations on the biomechanics of daily living. The present study aimed to determine the influence of the anthropometric profile and physical activity level (PAL) on the postural balance of overweight and obese children. The sample included 387 schoolchildren (216 boys and 171 girls). The variables of the anthropometric profile studied were body mass, biped height, BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), summation of folds, body composition, and somatotype. PAL was measured using the PAQ-C questionnaire. Static and dynamic postural balance were measured through an open-eye (OE) and closed-eye (CE) posturographic test and the SEBTm, respectively. For static balance, the significant models were for mediolateral velocity (R2 = 0.42 in OA; R2 = 0.24 in OC), anteroposterior velocity (R2 = 0.21 in OA; R2 = 0.27 in OC), and mean velocity (R2 = 0.27 in OA; R2 = 0.46 in OC), where the predictors of low performance were younger age, male sex, overweight/obese nutritional status, greater thickness of skin folds, less tendency to mesomorphy, and greater fat mass. On the other hand, for dynamic postural balance, the significant models were observed in the previous direction (R2 = 0.39), posteromedial (R2 = 0.57), and posterolateral (R2 = 0.56), where the variables that predict a low performance were low PAL, overweight/obese nutritional status, and high WHR. Overweight and obese children presented a deficit in static and dynamic postural balance, enhanced by variables such as gender, age, PAL, and anthropometric characteristics related to adiposity.Item Warm-up stretching exercises and physical performance of youth soccer players(2023-02-15) Hernandez-Martinez, Jordan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Vera-Assaoka, Tiago; Castillo-Cerda, María; Carter-Thuillier, Bastian; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; López-Fuenzalida, Antonio; Nobari, Hadi; Valdés-Badilla, PabloThis study aims to compare the effects of standard warm-up versus warm-up using stretching exercises on the physical performance of male youth soccer players. Eighty-five male soccer players (age: 10.3 ± 4.3 years; body mass index: 19.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were assessed for countermovement jump height (CMJ, cm), 10 m, 20 m and 30 m running sprint speed (s) and ball kicking speed (km/h) for the dominant and non-dominant leg under five (randomized) warm-up conditions. Using 72 h of recovery between conditions, the participants completed a control condition (CC) and four experimental conditions, including static stretching (SSC), dynamic stretching (DSC), ballistic stretching (BSC), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNFC) exercises. All warm-up conditions had a duration of 10 minutes. The main results indicate that no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between warm-up conditions compared to CC in CMJ (CC = 28.1 ± 4.9; SSC = 28.4 ± 4.9; DSC = 30.9 ± 4.8; BSC = 30.9 ± 5.2; PNFC = 28.4 ± 5.0), 10 m sprint (CC = 2.42 ± 0.4; SSC = 2.50 ± 0.4; DSC = 2.30 ± 0.3; BSC = 2.27 ± 0.3; PNFC = 2.53 ± 0.4), 20 m sprint (CC = 5.42 ± 0.9; SSC = 5.59 ± 0.9; DSC = 5.37 ± 0.9; BSC = 5.40 ± 0.9; PNFC = 5.44 ± 0.9), 30 m sprint (CC = 8.05 ± 1.3; SSC = 8.27 ± 1.3; DSC = 8.01 ± 1.3; BSC = 8.00 ± 1.3; PNFC = 8.12 ± 1.3), ball kicking speed for dominant (CC = 56.2 ± 4.9; SSC = 55.3 ± 5.2; DSC = 56.9 ± 5.8; BSC = 57.3 ± 5.8; PNFC = 55.7 ± 5.2) and non-dominant leg (CC = 52.8 ± 3.4; SSC = 51.8 ± 4.6; DSC = 53.5 ± 5.4; BSC = 53.6 ± 4.9; PNFC = 52.5 ± 4.0). In conclusion, compared to standard warm-up, stretching-based warm-up exerts no effect on male youth soccer players jump height, sprint speed and ball kicking speed.Item Influence of Body Composition on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Markers in Physically Inactive Individuals with Insulin Resistance: An Observational Study(2023-02-09) Azócar-Gallardo, Jairo; Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Campos-Uribe, Victor; González-Rojas, Luis; Castillo Cerda, María A.; García-García, José ManuelThe aim of this study was to determine body composition influence on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic markers in physically inactive individuals with insulin resistance (IR). Nineteen overweight and obese (body mass index [BMI] 25.0–29.9 kg·m−2; ≥ 30.0 kg·m−2, respectively) patients diagnosed with IR (5 men and 14 women; age: 32.74 ± 10.07 years; BMI: 32.5 ± 4.60 kg·m−2). The body composition included BMI, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Metabolic markers included maximal fat oxidation, fasting glucose, and insulin. IR was determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The results of the partial correlations (i.e., body mass, age, and sex) reported that fat-free mass, fat mass, and BMI were significantly correlated with VO2max. Additionally, the multiple linear regression model indicated that fat-free mass and BMI explained the variance of VO2max by 89%. However, no substantial correlations were reported between fat mass or fat-free mass with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, or insulin. This study concluded that a higher percentage of fat-free mass and lower BMI is positively related to better cardiorespiratory fitness despite the IR status of the participants analyzed.Item The Mediating Role of the Muscle Quality Index in the Relation of Screen Time and Abdominal Obesity with Health-Related Quality of Life in Chilean Schoolchildren(2023-01-31) Delgado-Floody, Pedro; Gómez-López, Manuel; Caamaño-Navarrete, Felipe; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Jerez-Mayorga, DanielScreen time (ST) and abdominal obesity have a negative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, there is little information regarding the mediating role of the muscle quality index (MQI) in these relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between HRQoL, physical status (i.e., anthropometrics and fitness), lifestyle (i.e., ST and physical activity), and the MQI, and then to determine the potential mediating role of the MQI in the relation of ST and abdominal obesity with HRQoL in Chilean schoolchildren. The cross-sectional study included 750 schoolchildren (girls, n = 332 and boys, n = 418) aged between 10 and 14 years (11.73 ± 1.08 y). MQI, lifestyle, fitness parameters, waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) and HRQoL were measured. HRQoL presented a significant correlation with WtHR (r: −0.19), VO2max (r: 0.20), physical activity after school (r: 0.26), ST (r: −0.26) and MQI (r: 0.15). According to MQI, the high-MQI group reported higher HRQoL than the low-MQI group (low MQI: 36.10 ± 3.63 vs. high MQI: 37.43 ± 4.00, p < 0.001). In the mediation model, ST and abdominal obesity were negatively linked to HRQoL; the indirect effect confirmed that MQI is a partial mediator in the relation between ST and HRQoL (indirect effect = −0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI: −0.09, −0.01) and in the relation between abdominal obesity and HRQoL (indirect effect = −1.81; SE = 0.83; 95% CI: −3.41, −0.40). In conclusion, MQI is related to better HRQoL in schoolchildren, and the negative relation of ST and abdominal obesity with HRQoL is mediated by MQI.Item A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Plyometric-Jump Training on the Physical Fitness of Combat Sport Athletes(2023-01-30) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Thapa, Rohit K.; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoWe aimed to assess the athletic performance changes in combat sport athletes (CoSAs) after plyometric-jump training (PJT), compared to control conditions, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched for includable articles, according to a PICOS approach. Using a random-effects model, Hedges’ g effects sizes (ES) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with values of <25%, 25–75%, and >75% representing low, moderate, and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Twelve eligible articles were identified for systematic review, seven of high quality and five of moderate quality, according to the PEDro scale. The studies recruited taekwondo, silat, wrestling, judo, fencing, and karate athletes (292 total participants), including specific–active and active controls. Most participants had a mean age of <18 years and were males (n = 225). Compared to the control, PJT programmes, involving 4–12 weeks and 2–3 sessions per week, induced small to moderate improvements (ES = 0.47 to 1.04) in athletes’ maximal strength (e.g., 1RM squat), vertical jump height, change-of-direction speed, and specific performance (e.g., fencing movement velocity), although without meaningful effects on body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass (ES = 0.02 to −0.06). Most (7 of 8) outcomes attained low heterogeneity. The outcome-level GRADE analysis indicated a certainty of evidence from low to moderate. In conclusion, PJT, when compared to control conditions, may improve CoSA athletic performance.Item Impacts of a Multi-Professional Family versus Isolated Intervention on Food Level Processing in Overweight Adolescents: A Randomized Trial(2023-02-13) Marques, Déborah C. S.; Ferreira, Willian C.; Santos, Isabella C.; Ryal, Joed J.; Marques, Marilene G. S.; Oliveira, Fabiano M.; Milani, Rute G.; Mota, Jorge; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Branco, Braulio H. M.The food consumption of adolescents has changed nowadays, with an increase in ultra-processed food that in general shows higher calories and lower nutrients. Because of this, the objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of a 12-week multi-professional family versus isolated intervention on the food level processing of overweight adolescents. A randomized clinical trial study was carried out in which adolescents (n = 43; mean aged 13.73 years) who were divided into FG—family group (n = 21; the adolescents performed the activities with their parents) and IG—isolated group (n = 22; the adolescents performed the activities alone). The parameters measured before and after 12 weeks of multi-professional intervention (physical exercise, nutrition and psychoeducation) were: body mass, height and body mass index-BMI. The level of food processing was analyzed using a three-day food recall (24hR), classified according to the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (fresh, minimally, processed and ultra-processed foods). The main results show that there was only a significant reduction in the consumption of processed foods (FG: 7.93%; IG: 49.73%) and ultra-processed foods (FG: 35.06%; IG: 67.16%) in grams (FG: 22.29%; IG: 65.23%) and calories (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). The consumption of fresh foods in grams (FG:61.97%; IG: 147.13%) and calories (FG: 147.13%; IG: 118.03%) and minimally processed foods (FG: 27.45%; IG: 14.64%) in grams increased significantly (p < 0.05; for all comparisons). However, no significant differences were observed between all variables analyzed for the groups, nor any interaction (p > 0.05). In conclusion, both groups who participated in the activities showed positive changes with increased consumption of fresh foods and reduced consumption of processed foods, without difference between them.Item Quantitative Diet, Body Composition and Sprint Performance in Female Professional Beach Handball Players(2022-12-28) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier; Martínez-Olcina, María; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Lucía; Matlosz, Piotr; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Sánchez-Sáez, Juan AntonioWomen's elite sports have experienced an exponential increase in the last decade, as has beach handball (BH). The high demands of this sport mean that athletes need to be in superior physical condition, so nutrition and body composition are determining factors in their sporting performance. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze, compare and correlate the most relevant variables of food intake (quantitative), body composition (focus on the bone mass characteristics) and sprint performance in female professional BH players. Thirty-three women from the National Spanish Team participated in this study. Dietary assessment, anthropometric measurements and sprint tests were performed. In general, the players had a low carbohydrate intake and adequate protein intake, with no significant differences depending on the category and playing position. For senior players, positive correlations were found between protein intake and bone mass (r = 0.584, p = 0.022), polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and muscle mass (r = 0.387, p = 0.026) and finally between fat mass and animal protein intake (r = 0.569, p = 0.027). Body composition was similar in both categories; however, goalkeepers had the highest fat (22.6 ± 3.86%, 16.2 ± 4.84 kg) component (vs. wings: 17.4 ± 3.53%, p = 0.031/vs. specialists: 11.1 ± 1.91 kg, p = 0.034), and senior players had higher muscle mass (kilograms). It is worth noting the finding that players with a greater trochanter height had significantly lower sprint times (p = 0.014 and p = 0.048 for 5 and 10 m, respectively). Certain bone characteristics, such as iliospinale height, biacromial and bimalleolar diameters, mesosternal perimeter and biceps skinfold, differ depending on the position. In addition, the greater speed of the senior players may be due to the greater specialization, number of training sessions performed and specific bone characteristics, such as trochanter height. In this regard, the data provided in this study will assist with establishing criteria for the selection of talent for this sporting discipline.Item Study the Effect of Relative Energy Deficiency on Physiological and Physical Variables in Professional Women Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2023-01-23) Miralles-Amorós, Laura; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Martínez-Olcina, María; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; García-De Frutos, José Manuel; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Lucía; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Martínez-Rodríguez, AlejandroEnergy deficits are often observed in athletes, especially in female athletes, due to the high expenditure of sport and strict diets. Low energy availability can cause serious health problems and affect sport performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different personalized dietary plans on physiological and physical factors related to energy deficit syndrome in female professional handball players. Twenty-one professional female handball players, aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg, divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; and AD: high antioxidant diet), participated in this 12-week randomized controlled trial. Energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry, energy availability, 7 day dietary intake analysis, blood pressure, cholesterol, menstrual function, body composition by both anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance, and strength performance were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day); despite this, all had eumenorrhea. Significant improvements were found after the intervention in all components of body composition (p < 0.05). In the remaining variables, despite slight improvements, none were significant neither over time nor between the different groups. Low energy availability has been observed in all professional female handball players, which may lead to serious consequences. A longer period of intervention is required to assess the differences between diets and improvements in other parameters.Item Efectos del foam roller sobre la capacidad de salto en deportistas: una revisión sistemática(2023-01-01) Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Martínez Araya, Aldo; Astorga Verdugo, Sebastián; Lagos, Leonardo; Muñoz, Mario; Guzmán-Muñoz, EduardoIntroducción: Se plantea que la utilización del foam roller (FR) en el ámbito deportivo puede ser un buen complemento para optimizar la mejora aguda del rango de movimiento y para provocar un efecto analgésico, no obstante, su utilización en el calentamiento con el fin de mejorar las variables neuromusculares como el salto vertical es controversial en deportistas. Es por esto que el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar los efectos del FR sobre la capacidad de salto en deportistas. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda comprensiva, exhaustiva y estructurada siguiendo las recomendaciones PRISMA en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, Sciencedirect y Web of Science. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron valorados en cuanto a su calidad metodológica a través de la escala PEDro. Resultados: Un total de 262 registros se encontraron en la fase de identificación de estudios. En la fase de screening se eliminaron los duplicados y los estudios fueron filtrados seleccionando el título, resumen y palabras clave obteniendo como resultado 47 referencias. Un total de 18 estudios fueron analizados a texto completo, siendo 12 de ellos excluidos. Por lo tanto, el número total de estudios que cumplió con todos los criterios de selección fue de seis.Item Relation between VT1, VT2, and VO2max with the Special Wrestling Fitness Test in Youth Wrestlers: A Short Report(2023-01-31) Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Franchini, Emerson; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Pardo-Tamayo, Carolina; Zapata-Huenullán, Carolina; Cofre-Bolados, Cristián; Sanchez-Ramirez, CelsoThis study investigated the relationship between peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) with the Special Wrestling Fitness Test variables. Thirteen wrestlers (male: six; female: seven) of Olympic freestyle wrestling were assessed. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was used to establish the relationship between variables. A positive correlation was found between VT1 with throws in set B (r = 0.77; p = 0.002; 95%CI = 0.37–0.93), total throws (r = 0.73; p = 0.004; 95%CI = 0.30–0.91), heart rate recovery (r = 0.58; p = 0.036; 95%CI = 0.05–0.86), and test index (r = −0.60; p = 0.031; 95%CI = −0.86–0.07); between VT2 and throws in set B (r = 0.57; p = 0.043; 95%CI = 0.01–0.86); and between peak oxygen uptake with throws in set B (r = 0.77; p = 0.002; 95%CI = 0.39–0.93), throws in set C (r = 0.64; p = 0.02; 95%CI = 0.12–0.89), and total throws (r = 0.72; p = 0.006; 95%CI = 0.28–0.91). In conclusion, the peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory thresholds correlated with specific Special Wrestling Fitness Test variables.Item Physical Activity, Seasonal Sensitivity and Psychological Well-Being of People of Different Age Groups Living in Extreme Environments(2023-01-17) Alvarado, Caren; Castillo-Aguilar, Matías; Villegas, Valeska; Estrada Goic, Claudia; Harris, Katherine; Barria, Patricio; Moraes, Michele M.; Mendes, Thiago T.; Arantes, Rosa M. E.; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Núñez-Espinosa, CristianPhysical activity can prevent many organic and mental pathologies. For people living in extreme southern high-latitude environments, weather conditions can affect these activities, altering their psychological well-being and favoring the prevalence of seasonal sensitivity (SS). This study aims to determine the relationships between the practice of physical activity, seasonal sensitivity and well-being in people living in high southern latitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted, using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), applying a psychological well-being scale, and determining sports practice according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for the 370 male (n = 209; 55%) and female (n = 173; 45%) participants. The main results indicated that 194 people (52 ± 7.7 years) reported physical activity. High-intensity physical activity practitioners recorded a significantly lower proportion of SS. In terms of psychological well-being, an adverse effect was found between the Seasonal Score Index (SSI) and five subcategories of the Ryff well-being scale. In conclusion, those who perform high-intensity physical activity have a lower SS, and those who have a higher SS have a lower psychological well-being.Item Efectos de seis semanas de entrenamiento isoinercial sobre la capacidad de salto, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico(2023-01-31) Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Guzman Muñoz, EduardoIntroducción: El método de entrenamiento de fuerza isoinercial presenta beneficios tanto en el campo del deporte y la rehabilitación. La evidencia disponible sugiere que este tipo de entrenamiento aumenta la fuerza y velocidad de las respuestas musculares. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de seis semanas de entrenamiento isoinercial sobre la capacidad de salto, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico en adultos no entrenados. Método: El diseño de este estudio fue pre-experimental. La selección de los participantes fue realizada de manera no probabilística por conveniencia. La muestra fue compuesta por 8 adultos, 4 personas de sexo femenino y 4 de sexo masculino. Se realizaron evaluaciones de evaluación de la fuerza explosiva a través del countermovement jump (CMJ), la prueba de carrera de 20 metros y la prueba de equilibrio postural dinámico Star Excursion Balance Test modificada (SEBTm). Todas las evaluaciones fueron realizadas pre y post un entrenamiento isoinercial. Resultados: Posterior al programa de entrenamiento isoinercial, la capacidad de salto aumentó un 17% en hombres y un 15% en mujeres. El tiempo de carrera disminuyó un 22% tanto en hombres como mujeres. El equilibrio postural dinámico también mostró un mejor rendimiento en las tres direcciones evaluadas en hombres y mujeres sometidos al entrenamiento isoinercial. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza con el método isoinercial parece ser una herramienta eficaz para la mejora de la capacidad de salto CMJ, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico en adultos saludables no entrenados.