Browsing by Author "Tuesta, Marcelo"

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    Anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and pulmonary function in an elite Chilean triathlete: A case study
    (2023-04-28) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Rivera-Kofler, Tomás; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Tuesta, Marcelo
    The objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and lung function in a high-performance Chilean triathlete ranked first in the national ranking. For this, the body composition profile proposed by Kerr, the somatotype according to Carter and Heath, lung volumes with spirometry according to the criteria of the ATS/ERS, the maximum dynamic inspiratory strength (S-index), the maximum inspiratory flow (FMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. The results showed 50.30% (30.28 kg) of muscle tissue, 21.46% (12.92 kg) of adipose tissue, a musculoskeletal index of 4.4, and a balanced mesomorphic somatotype (ENDO 2.0 – MESO 5.1 – ECTO 2.3). The VO2max was 77 ml/kg/min, the S-Index was 189 cmH2O, the FIM was 10.1 l/sec, the FEV1 was 4.08 l, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was 153 l and a maximum expiratory flow (FEM) of 584 l. In conclusion, the triathlete has a high level of muscle tissue and optimal percentage of subcutaneous body fat with a balanced physical form towards the muscle component. An outstanding cardiorespiratory capacity, inspiratory strength and lung function represents a great adaptation to the endurance tests that make up triathlon, especially swimming on inspiratory strength. Morphofunctional changes associated with the high-performance sports discipline are observed.
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    Asociación entre la Termografía por Infrarrojo, Parámetros Antropométricos y Gasto Energético de Reposo en Hombres
    (2021) Barraza-Gómez, Fernando; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso; Hecht-Chau, Gernot; Henríquez, Matías; Tuesta, Marcelo
    Es reconocido que un incremento de la grasa corporal subcutánea es capaz de alterar el patrón de liberación de calor a través de la piel. Sin embargo, la asociación con otras variables antropométricas y la influencia del gasto energético en reposo (GER), han sido escasamente abordadas. Este estudio determinó la relación de la temperatura de la piel con variables antropométricas, peso corporal y GER de hombres adultos sanos. Participaron en el estudio un total de 24 varones sanos de 33,9±8,7 años de edad, 85,8±9,7 kg de peso corporal, 172,5±6,1 cm de estatura y 28,9±3,4 kg/m2 de índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas, de termografía por infrarrojo y del GER por calorimetría indirecta, con analizador de gases. La temperatura promedio de los 6-pliegues, y las individuales (toracoabdominales, supra-espinal y abdominal), tuvieron correlaciones negativas con el IMC, perímetro de cintura, índice cintura cadera, índice cintura estatura, y la sumatoria de 6 pliegues; todos con p<0,05. Además, la temperatura del pliegue supraespinal tuvo una correlación negativa con el porcentaje de masa adiposa (MA%), r=0,47(p=0,0194). La MA% y el IMC tuvieron correlaciones negativas con el GER, con r=-0,59 (p=0,002) y r=-0,53 (p=0,006), respectivamente. El promedio de temperatura de los 6-pliegues presentó una correlación positiva con el GER (r=0,44; p=0,02). La composición corporal causa una modificación en los patrones de termografía superficial local, sin afectar la relación entre el promedio de la temperatura superficial total con el GER, pudiendo éste ser un factor predictor.
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    Average and Interindividual Effects to a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program
    (2022-12-24) Tuesta, Marcelo; Alvarez, Cristian; Pedemonte, Oneglio; Araneda, Oscar F.; Manríquez-Villarroel, Pablo; Berthelon, Paulina; Reyes, Alvaro
    Background: To describe the average effects and the interindividual variability after a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation (CCR) program using concurrent exercise training prescribed according to cardiovascular risk stratification on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric/body composition, quality of life and emotional health in patients of four cardiovascular disease profiles. Methods: CRF, anthropometric/body composition, quality of life, and emotional health were measured before and after a CCR and analyzed in heart valve surgery (HVS), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), post-acute myocardial infarction (post-AMI), and in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Twenty, twenty-four, and thirty-two exercise sessions were prescribed according to mild, moderate, and severe baseline cardiovascular risk, respectively. In addition to concurrent exercise training, nutritional counseling, psychological support, and lifestyle education programs were performed. Results: The main outcomes by delta changes comparisons (Δ) revealed no significant differences at anthropometric/body composition as ΔBody fat decreases (HVS Δ−1.1, HFrEF Δ−1.0, post-AMI Δ−1.4, CAD Δ−1.2 kg) and ΔSkeletal muscle mass increases (HVS Δ+1.4, HFrEF Δ+0.8, post-AMI Δ+0.9, CAD Δ+0.9 kg), and CRF performance as ΔVO2peak increases (HVS Δ+4.3, HFrEF Δ+4.8, post-AMI Δ+4.1, CAD Δ+5.1 mL/kg/min) outcomes among HVS, HFrEF, post-AMI, and CAD (p > 0.05). Secondary outcomes showed significant pre-post delta changes in METs (HVS Δ+1.8, HFrEF Δ+0.7, post-AMI Δ+1.4, CAD Δ+1.4), and maximal O2pulse (HVS Δ+3.1, post-AMI Δ+2.1, CAD Δ+1.9). In addition, quality of life had a significant improvement in physical functioning (HVS Δ+17.0, HFrEF Δ+12.1, post-AMI Δ+9.8, CAD Δ+11.2), physical role (HVS Δ+28.4, HFrEF Δ+26.8, post-AMI Δ+25.6, CAD Δ+25.3), vitality (HVS Δ+18.4, HFrEF Δ+14.3, post-AMI Δ+14.2, CAD Δ+10.6) and social functioning (HVS Δ+20.4, HFrEF Δ+25.3, post-AMI Δ+20.4, CAD Δ+14.8) in all cardiovascular disease. For anxiety (HVS Δ−3.6, HFrEF Δ−2.3, post-AMI Δ−3.0, CAD Δ−3.1) and depression (HVS Δ−2.8, HFrEF Δ−3.4, post-AMI Δ−3.2, CAD Δ−2.3) significant changes were also observed. Conclusions: A CCR program that prescribes the number of exercise sessions using a cardiovascular risk stratification improves CRF, QoL, and emotional health, and the average results show a wide interindividual variability (~25% of non-responders) in this sample of four CVD profile of patients.
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    Características de Composición Corporal, Ángulo de Fase y Agua Corporal en Paracaidistas Chilenos de Elite
    (2021) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso; Vargas-Silva, Juan; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Tuesta, Marcelo
    Durante la práctica del paracaidismo, una deficiente composición corporal no sólo puede afectar el rendimiento deportivo, sino que, además, incrementa la probabilidad de sufrir una lesión o accidente grave. Conocer las características de sus componentes, podría ayudar a prevenirlas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la composición corporal, ángulos de fase y agua corporal total en paracaidistas chilenos de alta competencia. Participaron del estudio 8 paracaidistas profesionales del Team Chile® (33,4 ± 4,9 años) con más de seis años de experiencia. La evaluación de las masas grasa, muscular, libre de grasa, magra y visceral, así como el ángulo de fase y el agua corporal total obtenida a través de impedancia bioeléctrica. Los deportistas presentaron un peso corporal de 76,7 ± 5,7 kg, estatura 1,72 ± 0,1 m e IMC 26,0 ± 1,9 kg/m2. La composición corporal promedio mostró un 20,6 ± 3,0 % de masa grasa, 44,9 ± 2,0 % de masa muscular y 79,4 ± 3,0 % de masa libre de grasa. El ángulo de fase promedio fue de 7,25 ± 0,33°. El agua corporal total de los participantes fue de 44,6 ± 3,2 l. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por los profesionales de las ciencias del deporte como valores de referencia para el control de la composición corporal, fase angular y agua corporal en paracaidistas para optimizar el rendimiento deportivo y evitar lesiones.
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    Cardiovascular effort intensity and energy expenditure during a Zumba class according ponderal status and its relationship to age in adult women
    (Medicina dello Sport (Edizioni Minerva Medica), 2020) Tuesta, Marcelo; Barraza, Fernando; Yañez-Sepulveda, Rodrigo; Baez-San Martin, Eduardo
    BACKGROUNDːA maximal-moderate intensity and high energy expenditure during anaerobic trainingsuch as Zumba® fitnessare recommended to promote healthy body weight. However, age and ponderal status could affect the achievement of these results.The aim of this study was to observe the effect of the ponderal statusand ageon cardiovascular intensity, physical effort and energy expenditure in womenduring aZumba®class.METHODS: Heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion were measured in 101 women during one-hour Zumba® class. Energy expenditure was estimated from HR. Participants were classifiedasnormal weight, overweight,and obesebased on theBody Mass Index (BMI).RESULTS: Obese women spent ashorter amount oftime in maximal intensity HR (2.91±11.5% of class time) compared withnormal weight (11.74±20.4 % of class time) and overweight women (11.20±18.6% of class time) with p<0.05. However, this group remained at least ~52 min into moderate-maximal intensity. Relative energy expenditure was lower in obese (4.35 kcal·kg-1) thannormal weight (7.54 kcal·kg-1) and overweight women (6.42 kcal·kg-1) with p<0.05. Total energy expenditure for obese women was ~380 kcal. A highest BMI was associated with a lower relative (r=-0.68; p<0.0001) and absolute (r=-0.26; p<0.008)energy expenditure,and older age was related to a lower HRMEAN(r=-0.29; p<0.05) and HRMAX(r=-0.34; p<0.05) respectively.CONCLUSION: A Zumba® class can facilitatereaching the cardiovascular intensityand relative energy expenditurerequired for weight control and lowering cardiometabolic riskin women.However, it is necessary to consider ponderal status and age to achieve the goals ofimprovingcardiovascular fitnessusing Zumba training.
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    Differences in energy expenditure, amount of physical activity and physical exertion level during a Zumba fitness class among adult women who are normal weight, overweight and obese
    (2018-02) Yáñez-Sepúlvedad, Rodrigo; Barraza-Gómez, Fernando; Báez San Martin, Eduardo; Araneda, Oscar F.; Zavala, Juan P.; Hecht, Gernot K.; Tuesta, Marcelo
    BACKGROUND: One of the most popular expressions of massive group classes of aerobic physical activity is Zumba fitness. The aim of the study was to compare and relate the energy expenditure and the amount and intensity of physical effort during a Zumba fitness class in women with different Body Mass Index (BMI). METHODS: Body displacements of 61 adult women who performed a one-hour Zumba session were evaluated with triaxial accelerometers. In order to observe the effect of BMI women were divided into normal weight (N.=26), overweight (N.=21) and obese groups (N.=14). RESULTS: The average number of steps was 4533.3±1351 and the percentage of total class time of moderate to vigorous intensity (% MVPA) was 53.8±14.4%. The metabolic intensity average was 3.64±1.1 MET, with an energy expenditure by total body mass of 3.9±1.6 kcal/kg. When analyzing groups, the normal weight group had a greater number of steps (5184.2±1561.1 steps/class) compared to overweight (4244.8±1049.3 steps/class) and obese women (3756.9±685.7 steps/class) with P<0.05. Also, the normal weight group spent a lower percentage of class time at the lower levels of intensity (sedentary and lifestyle activity levels) and more time at the highest levels (vigorous and very vigorous) compared to obese women (P<0.05). Participants with a normal weight obtained a higher % MVPA (62.1±15%) compared to overweight (50.1±9.4%) and obese (44.1±11.9%) groups with P<0.05. A metabolic intensity of 4.6±1.9 MET in the normal weight group was higher compared to 3.5±1.0 MET in the overweight (P<0.05) and 3.1±1.2 MET in the obese group (P<0.05), was observed. The subjective perception of effort was 7.84±0.9 (Borg CR 10), no differences between groups. Also we observed in all participants that at higher BMI values, there were lower energy expenditure values per kilo of weight (r=-0.40; P<0.001), metabolic intensity (r=-0.39; P<0.001), step counts (r=-0.43; P<0.001) and % MVPA (r=-0.50; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a higher BMI is associated with a lower intensity of effort, energy expenditure and amount of physical activity during a one-hour Zumba class, restricting to overweight and obese women to achieving the effort parameters recommended to control weight and improve cardiovascular fitness.
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    Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Used to Assess Physiological Muscle Adaptations in Exercise Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
    (2022-07-19) Tuesta, Marcelo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Verdugo-Marchese, Humberto; Mateluna, Cristián; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso
    Usingmuscle oxygenation to evaluate the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in pathologies through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is of great interest. The aimof this reviewwas to highlight the use ofmuscle oxygenation in exercise interventions in clinical trials and to present the technological characteristics related to the equipment used in these studies. PubMed,WOS, and Scopus databaseswere reviewed up to December 2021. Scientific articles that evaluatedmuscle oxygenation after exercise interventions in the sick adult population were selected. The PEDro scale was used to analyze the risk of bias (internal validity). The resultswere presented grouped in tables considering the risk of bias scores, characteristics of the devices, and the effects of exercise onmuscle oxygenation. All the stages were carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). The search strategy yielded 820 clinical studies, of which 18met the eligibility criteria. This reviewdetailed the characteristics of 11NIRS devices used in clinical trials that used physical exercise as an intervention. The use of this technologymade it possible to observe changes inmuscle oxygenation/deoxygenation parameters such as tissue saturation, oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin in clinical trials of patientswith chronic disease. Itwas concluded that NIRS is a non-invasivemethod that can be used in clinical studies to detect the effects of physical exercise training onmuscle oxygenation, hemodynamics, andmetabolism. Itwill be necessary to unify criteria such as the measurement site, frequency, wavelength, and variables for analysis. This will make it possible to compare differentmodels of exercise/training in terms of time, intensity, frequency, and type to obtainmore precise conclusions about their benefits for patients.
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    Relación entre Dimensiones Antropométricas de Tronco y Valores de Espirometría
    (2023-04) Manríquez-Villarroel, Pablo; Tuesta, Marcelo; Reyes-Ponce, Álvaro; Núñez-Burgos, Claudio
    Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron primero evaluar la asociación de dimensiones antropométricas de tórax y tronco con índices espirométricos, segundo, ajustar una ecuación de predicción con dimensiones antropométricas de tronco y tercero, comparar nuestro modelo predictivo con dos ecuaciones diagnósticas. Se evaluaron 59 estudiantes universitarios entre 20 y 40 años, de ambos sexos, sin hábito tabáquico. Las variables consideradas fueron: edad, sexo, peso, estatura, diámetro transverso de tórax, diámetro anteroposterior de tórax, perímetro de tórax, altura de tórax, altura de tronco, flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM), volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) y capacidad vital forzada (CVF). Se utilizó el análisis de regresión múltiple para estimar los valores espirométricos en función de las variables demográficas y antropométricas. La CVF y el VEF1 tienen asociación lineal directa con el diámetro transverso de tórax, altura de tórax, perímetro de tórax y altura de tronco. Se ajustó una ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple que indicó que es posible estimar la CVF y el VEF11 en función de la altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax para ambos sexos. Estas variables son capaces de explicar el 74 % de los valores de CVF y el 68 % de los valores de VEF1. Al comparar los valores obtenidos por nuestras ecuaciones predictivas con las ecuaciones de referencia nacional observamos que nuestros resultados son más cercanos a los de Quanjer et al. (2012) que a los de Knudson et al. (1983). La altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax tienen asociación directa con el VEF1 y CVF y son buenos predictores del VEF1 y CVF en estudiantes universitarios. Nuestros valores estimados son más cercanos a las ecuaciones de Quanjer et al. (2012) en comparación a las estimaciones de Knudson (1983).