Browsing by Author "Ojeda Aravena, Alex"

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    Distanciamiento físico y uso de máscaras faciales durante la actividad física escolar en pandemia covid-19: una breve comunicación
    (2021-10-07) Azócar Gallardo, Jairo; Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Báez San Martín, Eduardo
    Azócar-Gallardo, J., Ojeda-Aravena, A., y Báez-San Martín, E. (2021). Distanciamiento físico y uso de máscaras faciales durante la actividad física escolar en pandemia Covid-19: Una breve comunicación. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1- 9. Con el objetivo de reducir la transmisión del virus Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) que genera la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a nivel global, los gobiernos han adoptado múltiples políticas sanitarias. Entre las principales medidas potenciales para la disminución del riesgo de contagio se incluyen el distanciamiento físico o social, establecido en 1.5 m, y el uso de máscaras faciales. No obstante, este distanciamiento físico sugerido no es el recomendable durante la actividad física. Por otra parte, la Organización Mundial de la Salud no recomienda el uso de máscara facial durante la actividad física en adultos y en niños. Además, con el retorno a las clases presenciales y, en especial, la realización de actividad física escolar puede implicar un mayor riesgo de contagio al considerar los desplazamientos improvisados y si esta se realiza en espacios reducidos. Por lo tanto, la presente comunicación tiene por objetivo examinar la evidencia en torno al distanciamiento físico o social y el uso de la máscara facial en los escolares durante la realización de las diferentes actividades físicas escolares.
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    Effect of a Short HIIT Program with Specific Techniques on Physical Condition and Activity during Simulated Combat in National-Level Boxers
    (2021-08-05) Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Carter, Johan; Leiva, Elvis; Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Franchini, Emerson
    The present study investigated the effect of an additional short-duration HIIT program using boxing-specific techniques on activity during a simulated competition. Additionally, we investigated the impact on physical fitness, specifically aerobic performance and lower-body muscle power. Sixteen boxers were randomized into a control (n = 8) or experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 5 repetitions of 30s all-out effort, with 6s recovery between repetitions and 1 min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week for 4 weeks. A two-way (group, two levels; moment, two levels) analysis of variance with repeated measurements in the second factor was used. For the experimental group, there was a change in body mass (ES = −0.13 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.42 (small)), CMJ (ES = +0.12 (trivial)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.11 (trivial)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.22 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.68 (moderate)), time (ES = −0.29 (small)) and punches (ES = +0.56 (moderate)). For the control group, there was a change in body mass (ES = +0.04 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.11 (trivial)), CMJ (ES = −0.27 (small)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.39 (small)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), time (ES = −0.65 (moderate)) and punches (ES = −0.57 (moderate)). The punches variable was significant concerning group-by-time interaction (F1,14 = 11.630; p = 0.004; n2 = 0.454). The present study indicated that the addition of a boxing-specific HIIT program is effective to increase the number of punches during a simulated match.
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    Effects of 4 Weeks of a Technique-Specific Protocol with High-Intensity Intervals on General and Specific Physical Fitness in Taekwondo Athletes: An Inter-Individual Analysis
    (2021) Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Cancino López, Jorge; Zapata Bastias, José; García García, José Manuel
    The aim of this research was to compare the effects of a technique-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol vs. traditional taekwondo training on physical fitness and body composition in taekwondo athletes, as well as to analyse the inter-individual response. Utilising a parallel controlled design, sixteen male and female athletes (five females and 11 males) were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) that participated in the technique-specific HIIT and a control group (CG) that participated in traditional taekwondo training. Both groups trained three days/week for four weeks. Squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 5-metre sprint (5M), 20-metre shuttle run (20MSR), taekwondo specific agility test (TSAT), multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKTMULT), total kicks, and kick decrement index (KDI), as well as body composition were evaluated. Results indicate that there are no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the factors group and time factor and group by time interaction (p > 0.05). Although percentage and effect size increases were documented for post-intervention fitness components in TSAT, total kicks, KDI, and 20MSR, responders and non-responders were also documented. In conclusion, a HIIT protocol based on taekwondo-specific technical movements does not report significant differences in fitness and body composition compared to traditional taekwondo training, nor inter-individual differences between athletes.
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    Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review
    (2021-07-10) Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Ramirez Campillo, Rodrigo; Aedo Muñoz, Esteban; Báez San Martín, Eduardo; Ojeda Aravena, Alex; Magnani Branco, Braulio Henrique
    The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the studies centered on the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS [i.e., boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling]) on older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health status. The review comprised randomised-controlled trials with OCS interventions, including older adults (≥60 years), and measures of physical-functional, physiological, and/or psychoemotional health. The studies were searched through SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EBSCO databases until 5 January 2021. The PRISMA-P and TESTEX scales were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020204034). Twelve OCS intervention studies were found (scored ≥ 60% for methodological quality), comprising 392 females and 343 males (mean age: 69.6 years), participating in boxing, judo, karate, and taekwondo. The qualitative analysis revealed that compared to controls, OCS training improved muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, balance, movement, attention, memory, mental health, anxiety, and stress tolerance. Meta-analysis was available only for the chair stand test, and an improvement was noted after OCS training compared to control. In conclusion, OCS interventions improves older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health. Our systematic review confirms that OCS training has high adherence (greater than 80%) in older adults.
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    Impact of social and physical factors on psychological well-being under covid-19 lockdown in taekwondo athletes: A cross-sectional study
    (2023-09-15) Monterrosa Quintero, Armando; De la Rosa, Adrián; Báez San Martin, Eduardo; Fuentes García, Juan Pedro; Poblete Valderrama, Felipe; Setiawan, Edi; Ojeda Aravena, Alex
    In sports and taekwondo in particular, it is of interest to understand the impact of sociodemographic and physical factors of athletes during this period, as well as their impact on psychological health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical activity levels, demographic factors, and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown in Taekwondo athletes. Seventy-eight male Taekwondo athletes (35 ± 14.6 years) at national and international levels participated in an online survey during the COVID-19 Lockdown period in September 2020. The factors analyzed included expertise, socioeconomic status, education, and physical activity levels. The main findings of this study indicated that university education level was significantly associated with both well-being and lower distress (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03). Similarly, athletes with a moderate level of physical activity showed a significant association with their state of well-being (χ2 = 7.0; p = 0.03) and absence of distress (χ2 = 10.5; p = 0.00). However, no significant associations were found between technical level and age category with well-being or distress. Our findings showed that the lockdown negatively affected both total physical activity levels and psychological well-being in Colombian Taekwondo Athletes. A higher educational level allows for a greater understanding of the situations presented during the pandemic, and the level of physical activity is a determinant of the mental health of athletes.