Genomics and pathogenesis of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus
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Date
2022-08-17
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Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a member of the family
Coronaviridae, together with viruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV
and SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of the COVID-19 global pandemic). In this family of viruses, interspecies transmission has
been reported, so understanding their pathobiology could lead to
a better understanding of the emergence of new serotypes. IBV
possesses a single-stranded, non-segmented RNA genome about
27.6 kb in length that encodes several non-structural and structural proteins. Most functions of these proteins have been confirmed in IBV, but some other proposed functions have been
based on research conducted on other members of the family
Coronaviridae. IBV has variable tissue tropism depending on the
strain, and can affect the respiratory, reproductive, or urinary
tracts; however, IBV can also replicate in other organs. Additionally, the pathogenicity of IBV is also variable, with some strains
causing only mild clinical signs, while infection with others results
in high mortality rates in chickens. This paper extensively and
comprehensibly reviews general aspects of coronaviruses and,
more specifically, IBV, with emphasis on protein functions and
pathogenesis. The pathogenicity of the Australian strains of IBV is
also reviewed, describing the variability between the different
groups of strains, from the classical to the novel and recombinant
strains. Reverse genetic systems, cloning and cell culture growth
techniques applicable to IBV are also reviewed.
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Keywords
Avian coronavirus, Cloning, Genetics, IBV, Infectious bronchitis, Pathogenesis, Protein functions