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Item Oral squamous cell carcinoma in coca chewers from a north region of Argentina: A case series and review of literature(2022-02-28) Molina-Ávila, Ignacio; Arellano Rojas, Andrea; Gilligan, Gerardo; Cordero-Torres, KarinaChewing coca leaves is a habit still practiced in Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. There is scarce evidence in the relationship between this habit and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), some authors have found oral epithelial changes in coca chewers. This study aimed to present a case series of patients with a coca chewing habit that developed OSCC, in the absence of risk factors for oral cancer. Patients were evaluated in Hospital Señor del Milagro, Salta, Argentina. None of them had a relevant morbid history and presented intraoral tumors, with an ulcerated surface on the gingivobuccal complex. Coca chewing habit was recorded in all cases. Present cases could start discussions and new lines of researches focusing on the habit of coca leaves chewing as a risk factor for OSCC. It would be very useful to know the underlying mechanisms between this habit and a possible role in oral carcinogenesis.Item Adaptation to Chilean Spanish of Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA)(2022-03-11) Neumann-Collyer, Vivian; Moena González, Boris Paolo; Alvarez Espinoza, Evelyn; Cruz San Martin, Gabriela Paz; Rauch-Gajardo, Maria Francisca; Hernández-Pérez, KarlaObjective To adapt the tenth version in English of the Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment to Chilean Spanish. Method The DLOTCA application manual was adapted into Spanish. The process followed the general guidelines for the translation and adaptation of instruments of the World Health Organization (WHO), with direct translation, a panel discussion of experts, back translation, pre-tests, and cognitive interviews with users. Results A direct translation into Spanish was obtained by two bilingual occupational therapists that were subjected to adjustments by a panel of experts composed of 6 occupational therapists, of the total of 28 sub-tests, the expert committee had no discrepancy in 20 of them, of which 8 remaining modifications were made. A back translation of the version obtained is carried out, where there were only discrepancies with one term, which was resolved by the research team. Finally, a pre-test was applied to 13 adults with brain damage, the adjustments in this stage were spelling and substitution of some terms for words more commonly used in the Chilean language, verifying the consistency in the understanding of the items independently of the results obtained. Three versions were produced before the final version, all stages were developed in a systematic way, achieving an understandable and consistent translation with the Chilean population. Conclusions A version in Chilean Spanish of the DLOTCA instrument has finally been made available to the scientific community.Item Characterization and general health conditions of workers in a Chilean industrial area: a worrying reality(2022) Urrejola-Contreras, Gabriela Paz; Pérez-Lizama, Miguel Angel; Tiscornia-González, Caterina; Vásquez-Leiva, Alejandra; Pérez-Casanova, Daniela; Pincheira-Guzmán, ErikaIntroduction: Within the occupational field, changes in the characteristics of work have revealed risks associated with static, repetitive work and little physical activity, which together with individual health conditions of workers can trigger diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives: To obtain a preliminary characterization of workers in an industrial area, including theirhealth and working conditions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, developed with 69 men who worked in the industrial area of Viña del Mar, Chile. A clinical and occupational evaluation was carried out with the application of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire as well as the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results: The following risk factors were identified: 53.6% of the workers were smokers, 92.8% presented low levels of physical activity, and 70.3% reported feeling pain in body segments that were physically required during their work tasks. Among all workers, 63% were overweight according to their body mass index and 62% presented high systolic pressure. Pain was mostly detected in the spine, and it was slightly associated with forklift operation by older workers (t-test p < 0.05). Conclusions: Workers were in the presence of cardiovascular and occupational risks. It is necessary to promote timely education and training on health conditions and to evaluate risks associated with machinery operation in order to prevent work-related pain.Item Exploration of the motivations in the adherence of patients to periodontal maintenance therapy(2022-12-30) Oñate, Héctor; Cuadro, Macarena; Hasell, Francisca; Fuentes, FranciscoIntroduction: Although it has been shown that the supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) is essential to maintain the results obtained by periodontal therapy, patient adherence to SPT is not usually satisfactory (4). The objective of this research is to explore the motivations in the adherence to periodontal maintenance of patients treated at Universidad Viña del Mar (UVM) during the year 2020. Material and Methods: A study based on the qualitative paradigm was carried out using a design based on discourse analysis through semi-structured interviews. A sample size of 10 participants was consolidated, by obtaining with them the saturation of data collected and of 4 main dimensions. Each interview was transcribed ad verbatim and later analyzed through the Atlas.ti 9 Software. Results: Four main categories or dimensions were created Motivations of the patients to produce a change in their oral health; Information that the patients have regarding their oral health; Oral hygiene habits acquired after periodontal treatment; Situations that prevent adherence to periodontal treatment. Conclusion: The main motivations of patients to adhere to supportive periodontal therapy are related to the education and information they acquire in the first phase of periodontal treatment. Observing the changes during treatment, improving oral health, improving aesthetics and functionality, are other important motivations, as well as the patients' fear of losing their teeth and the desire to educate their family.Item Average and Interindividual Effects to a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program(2022-12-24) Tuesta, Marcelo; Alvarez, Cristian; Pedemonte, Oneglio; Araneda, Oscar F.; Manríquez-Villarroel, Pablo; Berthelon, Paulina; Reyes, AlvaroBackground: To describe the average effects and the interindividual variability after a comprehensive outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation (CCR) program using concurrent exercise training prescribed according to cardiovascular risk stratification on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric/body composition, quality of life and emotional health in patients of four cardiovascular disease profiles. Methods: CRF, anthropometric/body composition, quality of life, and emotional health were measured before and after a CCR and analyzed in heart valve surgery (HVS), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), post-acute myocardial infarction (post-AMI), and in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Twenty, twenty-four, and thirty-two exercise sessions were prescribed according to mild, moderate, and severe baseline cardiovascular risk, respectively. In addition to concurrent exercise training, nutritional counseling, psychological support, and lifestyle education programs were performed. Results: The main outcomes by delta changes comparisons (Δ) revealed no significant differences at anthropometric/body composition as ΔBody fat decreases (HVS Δ−1.1, HFrEF Δ−1.0, post-AMI Δ−1.4, CAD Δ−1.2 kg) and ΔSkeletal muscle mass increases (HVS Δ+1.4, HFrEF Δ+0.8, post-AMI Δ+0.9, CAD Δ+0.9 kg), and CRF performance as ΔVO2peak increases (HVS Δ+4.3, HFrEF Δ+4.8, post-AMI Δ+4.1, CAD Δ+5.1 mL/kg/min) outcomes among HVS, HFrEF, post-AMI, and CAD (p > 0.05). Secondary outcomes showed significant pre-post delta changes in METs (HVS Δ+1.8, HFrEF Δ+0.7, post-AMI Δ+1.4, CAD Δ+1.4), and maximal O2pulse (HVS Δ+3.1, post-AMI Δ+2.1, CAD Δ+1.9). In addition, quality of life had a significant improvement in physical functioning (HVS Δ+17.0, HFrEF Δ+12.1, post-AMI Δ+9.8, CAD Δ+11.2), physical role (HVS Δ+28.4, HFrEF Δ+26.8, post-AMI Δ+25.6, CAD Δ+25.3), vitality (HVS Δ+18.4, HFrEF Δ+14.3, post-AMI Δ+14.2, CAD Δ+10.6) and social functioning (HVS Δ+20.4, HFrEF Δ+25.3, post-AMI Δ+20.4, CAD Δ+14.8) in all cardiovascular disease. For anxiety (HVS Δ−3.6, HFrEF Δ−2.3, post-AMI Δ−3.0, CAD Δ−3.1) and depression (HVS Δ−2.8, HFrEF Δ−3.4, post-AMI Δ−3.2, CAD Δ−2.3) significant changes were also observed. Conclusions: A CCR program that prescribes the number of exercise sessions using a cardiovascular risk stratification improves CRF, QoL, and emotional health, and the average results show a wide interindividual variability (~25% of non-responders) in this sample of four CVD profile of patients.Item Análisis de instrumentos evaluativos empleados en ciencias durante la pandemia: selección múltiple, indicadores y rendimiento(2023-06) Urrejola-Contreras, Gabriela Paz; Pérez-Lizama, Miguel ÁngelIntroducción: Las evaluaciones de opción múltiple constituyen el instrumento ampliamente usado en ciencias para evaluar al estudiantado; sin embargo, la reciente pandemia exigió adaptar este tipo de instrumento al entorno virtual. Este contexto requirió valorar la calidad de los instrumentos mediante índices de discriminación, consistencia interna y relacionarlo con el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Evaluar los instrumentos de evaluación empleados en modalidad online durante la pandemia por COVID-19, y el rendimiento de los estudiantes en ciencias de la salud. Método: Se realizó la revisión de los 5 instrumentos de la asignatura Estructura y Función formados por 290 bancos de preguntas aleatorias para evaluar cada contenido en estudiantes de primer año durante el 2020 en la escuela de ciencias de la salud en la Universidad Viña del Mar. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos a partir de la plataforma virtual y se interpretaron los índices de discriminación, facilidad, eficiencia discriminativa, consistencia interna y rendimiento académico mediante un informe que fue compartido con los docentes para identificar los parámetros de calidad y validez. Resultados: Del total de bancos de preguntas evaluados, un 70.2% de las preguntas presentaron adecuada discriminación y solo un 5.6% debieran ser eliminadas. El certamen dos obtuvo el menor rendimiento promedio 3.9 ± 0.99; sin embargo, presentó la consistencia interna más alta: 81%. Al comparar todos los instrumentos se observó una mejora gradual en la formulación, reflejada en el examen final, en el que además el rendimiento académico concuerda con el promedio del semestre 4.2 ± 0.92. Conclusiones: El rendimiento académico debe ponderarse en relación con la calidad del instrumento formulado en el que, a menor índice de facilidad, existe una mayor consistencia interna, representado por la mayor eficiencia discriminativa de las preguntas. El proceso de diseño y formulación de los instrumentos debe cuidar y examinar estas pautas para resguardar criterios de calidad.Item Postural stress and risk conditions in manual load handling of Chilean industrial(2023) Urrejola-Contreras, GP; Pérez-Casanova, DC; Pérez-Lizama, MA; Zambra, BGIntroduction: Although, there is a current regulatory framework for optimal manual handling of loads to preserve health conditions in the industrial sector, technical assessment and the use of certain instruments are still required for the diagnosis of occupational hazards. This study aimed to identify the occupational hazards associated with manual load handling in industry workers and estimate those resulting from postural stress. Methods: Fifty-two (52) industry workers took part in this cross-sectional study. All participants were evaluated using the Manual Handling Guide and the Reba assessment tool. Subjects were characterized, and risks associated with different tasks were detected. Results: 59.6% of workers were between 18 and 45 years old. Lifting, lowering, and transporting loads activities had a repetitive task risk of 94%, exceeding the weight limit in 85.7% of cases. Pushing and pulling activities, mostly showed a working postural risk of 82% and a high perception of initial effort (Borg> 8). Reba score warned to intervene immediately in both types of tasks. Conclusion: Risk from the manual handling of loads found in this study constitutes an alert that suggests reviewing compliance with the current regulation, as well as effective use of working pauses and the improvement of strategies to minimize physical efforts used by workers.Item The impact of the learning environment sudden shifts on students’ performance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic(2023-02-13) Pérez, Miguel A.; Tiemann, Paula; Urrejola-Contreras, Gabriela P.Introduction This study aims to determine the effect of sudden changes in learning environments on students’ performance, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We present an analysis of the kinesiology program, focusing on the learning modality changes through the years, and its impact on students’ performance. Methods We analyzed three periods over five years. During the Pre-pandemic period (2018-2019), classes had been taught in-person, during the pandemic (2020-2021) classes had been taught online, and during end of lockdown (2022) classes had return to in-person modality. In addition, we also examined the academic performance outcomes by gender during the three periods. Results We found that the academic performance significantly increased in all cohort of career, increasing the average grade from 4.7 ± 0.08 (2018 to 2019, in-person) to 5.15 ± 0.07 during the pandemic period, from 2020 to 2021, when online modality was utilized. Furthermore, when returning to in-person classes in 2022, the academic performance reduced significantly to 4.6 ± 0.17. We also found that gender did not have an influence on academic performance in any of the learning environments presented. However, during clinical internships, we found that gender had a significantly effect on academic performance. Conclusion Based on these results, we conclude that the sudden shift from in-person learning to online learning modality helped improved the learning performance of student, reflecting those results on better students’ performance scores that could be associated with the enhanced efficient use of time.Item Percepción de los fonoaudiólogos en relación con las características de las pruebas estandarizadas de evaluación propuestas por la normativa vigente en Chile(2023-03-01) Herrera-Lillo, Antonieta; Leal-Kaymalyz, Carla GislaineObjetivo: analizar la percepción de los fonoaudiólogos respecto a las pruebas estructuradas propuestas por la normativa vigente en Chile utilizadas para la evaluación y diagnóstico del lenguaje infantil. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de las tres pruebas (Test de comprensión auditiva del lenguaje, Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica y Screening Test of Spanish Grammar) y contrastar sus diferencias con el test de Friedman y para comparar el post hoc se utilizó el test suma de rango de Wilcoxon. Además, se estudió la correlación de las puntuaciones con el coeficiente Rho de Spearman con nivel de confianza prefijado del 5%. Resultados: la puntuación Likert promedio más alta la obtuvo la prueba Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica revisado en la mayoría de los ítems evaluados, excepto en la pregunta relacionada al tiempo excesivo de aplicación. El 91% de los participantes expresan la necesidad de contar con una versión digital en las tres pruebas estructuradas. Finalmente, la correlación de las puntuaciones es más alta y significativa entre las pruebas: Test de comprensión auditiva del lenguaje y Screening Test of Spanish Grammar. Conclusión: la percepción de los participantes es más positiva en el Test para evaluar procesos de simplificación fonológica revisado, respecto a las otras pruebas. Finalmente, opinan que las pruebas deben ser digitalizadas.Item Relación entre Dimensiones Antropométricas de Tronco y Valores de Espirometría(2023-04) Manríquez-Villarroel, Pablo; Tuesta, Marcelo; Reyes-Ponce, Álvaro; Núñez-Burgos, ClaudioLos objetivos del presente estudio fueron primero evaluar la asociación de dimensiones antropométricas de tórax y tronco con índices espirométricos, segundo, ajustar una ecuación de predicción con dimensiones antropométricas de tronco y tercero, comparar nuestro modelo predictivo con dos ecuaciones diagnósticas. Se evaluaron 59 estudiantes universitarios entre 20 y 40 años, de ambos sexos, sin hábito tabáquico. Las variables consideradas fueron: edad, sexo, peso, estatura, diámetro transverso de tórax, diámetro anteroposterior de tórax, perímetro de tórax, altura de tórax, altura de tronco, flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM), volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) y capacidad vital forzada (CVF). Se utilizó el análisis de regresión múltiple para estimar los valores espirométricos en función de las variables demográficas y antropométricas. La CVF y el VEF1 tienen asociación lineal directa con el diámetro transverso de tórax, altura de tórax, perímetro de tórax y altura de tronco. Se ajustó una ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple que indicó que es posible estimar la CVF y el VEF11 en función de la altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax para ambos sexos. Estas variables son capaces de explicar el 74 % de los valores de CVF y el 68 % de los valores de VEF1. Al comparar los valores obtenidos por nuestras ecuaciones predictivas con las ecuaciones de referencia nacional observamos que nuestros resultados son más cercanos a los de Quanjer et al. (2012) que a los de Knudson et al. (1983). La altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax tienen asociación directa con el VEF1 y CVF y son buenos predictores del VEF1 y CVF en estudiantes universitarios. Nuestros valores estimados son más cercanos a las ecuaciones de Quanjer et al. (2012) en comparación a las estimaciones de Knudson (1983).Item Percepción de la calidad de vida en para-deportistas y no deportistas chilenos con lesión cerebral(2022-07-26) Cornejo, María Isabel; Henríquez, Matías; Herrera, Felipe; Muñoz, Fernando; Bernardes, Nathalia; Auricchio, José Ricardo; Castelli Correia de Campos, Luis FelipeLa calidad de vida (CV) y la actividad física son aspectos relevantes en la salud de la población, y esta última con un impacto positivo en las personas con discapacidad. Debido a esto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron comparar las características e identificar la asociación entre los dominios de la percepción de la CV entre un grupo de personas con lesión cerebral que practican fútbol, para-deportistas (PD) y personas con lesión cerebral no para-deportistas (NPD), además determinar si existen diferencias en la percepción de la CV según las diferentes clases deportivas (FT1, FT2 y FT3). El estudio se desarrolló en Chile, donde se aplicó el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF para determinar la CV de los participantes. Los resultados identificaron una relación positiva y significativa entre los distintos dominios de la CV (p < .001, r = .44 - .67). Además, se observó una mejor percepción de la CV en los PD (p < .001, TE = 1.18, grande) en comparación con lo reportado por el grupo NPD. Por otro lado, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los dominios para las diferentes clases deportivas en el grupo PD. Estos datos refuerzan la idea de que la práctica deportiva influye en la participación social y en la percepción de la CV en PD con lesión cerebral. El desarrollo conjunto de los factores asociados entre la salud y el bienestar socioemocional podrían colaborar con la consolidación de la práctica deportiva y de actividad física, los cuales, a su vez son beneficiosos para las personas con discapacidad tal como lo plantean los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible en su agenda de trabajo provista al año 2030.Item Age-dependent Knee Joint Isokinetic Profile in Professional Male Soccer PlayersTorres-Banduc, Maximiliano A.; Jerez-Mayorga, Daniel; Huerta Ojeda, Álvaro; Bishop, Chris; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoBackground: The knee-joint isokinetic profile (KJIP) injury risk factor may be modulated by chronological age, however, comparative data for elite male soccer players aged 25 years and older is lacking. Objective: To describe and compare the knee-joint isokinetic profile (KJIP) according to the chronological age of professional male soccer players. Method: In a cross-sectional study design, sixty-three soccer athletes from the first Chilean soccer division (A-series) were divided into younger and older groups (age ≤ 25 years; n = 35 and age > 25 years; n = 28, respectively). In both groups the IPKJ was assessed at 60°.s-1 in concentric mode. Results: The older group had lower extensor peak torque (p < .05). The younger group showed correlations between flexors peak torque and extensors mean power (p < .001). In the older group, flexors peak torque and flexors mean power were correlated. The flexors peak torque, total work, and mean power symmetric index (SI) exhibited values > 10 % for both groups. The extensors SI showed values > 10 % for mean power, although only in the older group. Conclusion: Several differences in the KJIP were noted between professional male soccer players aged ≤ 25 years and > 25 years. Current results offer injury prevention insights, discussed in the current manuscript.Item Retroalimentación estudiantil sobre herramientas sincrónicas y asincrónicas empleadas en ciencias de la salud en la pandemia por COVID-19(2022-03-21) Urrejola-Contreras, Gabriela P.; Tiscornia-González, CaterinaIntroducción. El actual escenario por pandemia ha promovido la rápida migración de asignaturas a la modalidad virtual y a la interacción mediante recursos pedagógicos tecnológicos sincrónicos y asincrónicos. Aunque los estudiantes presentan afinidad con el uso de herramientas virtuales, se requiere recoger la retroalimentación respecto de fortalezas y debilidades en la modalidad empleada. El objetivo fue evaluar la estructura de un curso de morfología y fisiología en un entorno virtual de acuerdo con dimensiones pedagógicas, tecnológicas, y de materiales y recursos. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el cual participaron 125 estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud que cursaban la asignatura de Estructura y Función. Se implementó la asignatura en modalidad virtual en la plataforma Moodle©, incluyendo recursos sincrónicos y asincrónicos. Se evaluó la retroalimentación de los estudiantes mediante un cuestionario y el rendimiento. Resultados. Se evaluaron positivamente las dimensiones pedagógicas y tecnológicas, y los materiales empleados, y se obtuvo una puntuación de 3 ± 0,15. Sin embargo, un 67% de los estudiantes consideró excesiva la demanda temporal requerida y un 61% no cursaría otra asignatura en formato virtual. La aprobación promedio fue de un 76%, y las notas finales oscilaron entre un 4,4 y un 5,2 para las carreras evaluadas. Conclusiones. Es necesario evaluar si el rendimiento obtenido se consolida en el mediano plazo e incorporar herramientas de la plataforma para monitorizar los tiempos que los estudiantes invierten en la resolución de actividades. Se propone implementar capacitaciones previas en los estudiantes sobre el uso de la plataforma, así como priorizar recursos de mayor síntesis y menor duración.Item The Long-Term Pannexin 1 Ablation Produces Structural and Functional Modifications in Hippocampal Neurons(2022-11-17) Flores-Muñoz, Carolina; García-Rojas, Francisca; Pérez, Miguel A.; Santander, Odra; Mery, Elena; Ordenes, Stefany; Illanes-González, Javiera; López-Espíndola, Daniela; González-Jamett, Arlek M.; Fuenzalida, Marco; Martínez, Agustín D.; Ardiles, Álvaro O.Enhanced activity and overexpression of Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neuronal pathologies such as epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Panx1 channel ablation alters the hippocampus’s glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and memory flexibility. Nevertheless, Panx1-knockout (Panx1-KO) mice still retain the ability to learn, suggesting that compensatory mechanisms stabilize their neuronal activity. Here, we show that the absence of Panx1 in the adult brain promotes a series of structural and functional modifications in the Panx1-KO hippocampal synapses, preserving spontaneous activity. Compared to the wild-type (WT) condition, the adult hippocampal neurons of Panx1-KO mice exhibit enhanced excitability, a more complex dendritic branching, enhanced spine maturation, and an increased proportion of multiple synaptic contacts. These modifications seem to rely on the actin–cytoskeleton dynamics as an increase in the actin polymerization and an imbalance between the Rac1 and the RhoA GTPase activities were observed in Panx1-KO brain tissues. Our findings highlight a novel interaction between Panx1 channels, actin, and Rho GTPases, which appear to be relevant for synapse stability.Item Estudio sobre la técnica inhalatoria en pacientes asmáticos: diferencias entre pacientes pediátricos y adultos(2015) Manríquez, Pablo; Acuña, Ana María; Muñoz, Luis; Reyes, AlvaroObjetivo: La técnica inhalatoria es un conjunto de procedimientos mediante el cual se administra un fármaco al sistema respiratorio. Se caracteriza por ser utilizada como primera línea para tratar las enfermedades pulmonares. Su correcta ejecución garantiza un mayor depósito del fármaco en la vía aérea distal, optimizando sus efectos terapéuticos y disminuyendo los efectos secundarios. Los objetivos de este estudio son describir la ejecución de la técnica inhalatoria en un grupo de pacientes asmáticos pediátricos versus un grupo de pacientes asmáticos adultos, definir los errores más comunes en cada grupo de pacientes y comparar los resultados entre ambos grupos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se evaluó la técnica inhalatoria según un protocolo de diez pasos en 135 pacientes asmáticos pediátricos y 128 pacientes asmáticos adultos. Resultados: Se encontró que el error más común en los pacientes pediátricos fue no realizar una apnea de 10 s después de la inhalación, mientras que en los pacientes adultos el principal error fue no exhalar completamente antes de aplicar el inhalador. Conclusiones: Se determinó que los pacientes asmáticos pediátricos cumplen con la mayoría de los pasos para una correcta técnica inhalatoria, lo que no se observa en los pacientes adultos.Item Characterization and general health conditions of workers in a Chilean industrial area: a worrying reality(2022) Urrejola-Contreras, Gabriela Paz; Pérez-Lizama, Miguel Angel; Tiscornia-González, Caterina; Vásquez-Leiva, Alejandra; Pérez-Casanova, Daniela; Pincheira-Guzmán, ErikaIntroduction: Within the occupational field, changes in the characteristics of work have revealed risks associated with static, repetitive work and little physical activity, which together with individual health conditions of workers can trigger diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives: To obtain a preliminary characterization of workers in an industrial area, including their health and working conditions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, developed with 69 men who worked in the industrial area of Viña del Mar, Chile. A clinical and occupational evaluation was carried out with the application of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire as well as the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results: The following risk factors were identified: 53.6% of the workers were smokers, 92.8% presented low levels of physical activity, and 70.3% reported feeling pain in body segments that were physically required during their work tasks. Among all workers, 63% were overweight according to their body mass index and 62% presented high systolic pressure. Pain was mostly detected in the spine, and it was slightly associated with forklift operation by older workers (t-test p < 0.05). Conclusions: Workers were in the presence of cardiovascular and occupational risks. It is necessary to promote timely education and training on health conditions and to evaluate risks associated with machinery operation in order to prevent work-related pain.Item Étienne Morin y su influencia en el desarrollo del Rito Escocés Antiguo y Aceptado: un estado de la cuestión(2022-07-01) Pinto-Pardo, NicolasEste artículo analiza a figura de Étienne Morin, el cual fue fundamental en el desarrollo del escocesísmo en Centro América, Estados Unidos y después, en Europa. La hipótesis de investigación plantea que éste recibió distintas patentes que utilizó alternativamente para la creación de nuevos grados masónicos gracias a su oficio, a sus redes de comercio entre Francia y Centro América y a su bilingüismo, que logró la expansión de un rito de 25 grados hasta los 33, siendo base para la creación del escocesísmo en el mundo.Item A New Species of Diastoleus Solier (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Hyperarid Andes of the Atacama Desert of Chile(2022-03-30) Pinto, Pablo; Larrea-Meza, Sebastián; Zuñiga-Reinoso, ÁlvaroA new species of Diastoleus is described from the Atacama desert. Both morphological and genetic evidence support distinction of the Diastoleus reticulatus sp. nov. This new taxon is morphologically close to D. costalenis but genetically closer to D. bicarinatus. Probably all these species belong to the same lineage together with D. arrigadai. The newly discovered species constitutes the first record of this species group in the Andes Cordillera.Item Percepción de la calidad de vida en para-deportistas y no deportistas chilenos con lesión cerebral(2022-07-26) Cornejo, María Isabel; Henríquez, Matías; Herrera, Felipe; Muñoz, Fernando; Bernardes, Nathalia; Auricchio, José Ricardo; Castelli Correia de Campos, Luis FelipeLa calidad de vida (CV) y la actividad física son aspectos relevantes en la salud de la población, y esta última con un impacto positivo en las personas con discapacidad. Debido a esto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron comparar las características e identificar la asociación entre los dominios de la percepción de la CV entre un grupo de personas con lesión cerebral que practican fútbol, para-deportistas (PD) y personas con lesión cerebral no para-deportistas (NPD), además determinar si existen diferencias en la percepción de la CV según las diferentes clases deportivas (FT1, FT2 y FT3). El estudio se desarrolló en Chile, donde se aplicó el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF para determinar la CV de los participantes. Los resultados identificaron una relación positiva y significativa entre los distintos dominios de la CV (p < .001, r = .44 - .67). Además, se observó una mejor percepción de la CV en los PD (p < .001, TE = 1.18, grande) en comparación con lo reportado por el grupo NPD. Por otro lado, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre los dominios para las diferentes clases deportivas en el grupo PD. Estos datos refuerzan la idea de que la práctica deportiva influye en la participación social y en la percepción de la CV en PD con lesión cerebral. El desarrollo conjunto de los factores asociados entre la salud y el bienestar socioemocional podrían colaborar con la consolidación de la práctica deportiva y de actividad física, los cuales, a su vez son beneficiosos para las personas con discapacidad tal como lo plantean los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible en su agenda de trabajo provista al año 2030.Item Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis, but Not from Porphyromonas endodontalis, Induces Macrophage M1 Profile(2022-09-02) Veloso, Pablo; Fernández, Alejandra; Astorga, Jessica; González-Quintanilla, David; Castro, Alfredo; Escobar, Alejandro; Hoare, Anilei; Hernández, MarcelaApical Lesions of Endodontic Origin (ALEO) are initiated by polymicrobial endodontic canal infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Porphyromonas endodontalis (Pe) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can induce a pro-inflammatory macrophage response through their recognition by TLR2 and TLR4. However, polarization responses induced by Pg and/or Pe LPS in macrophages are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the polarization profiles of macrophages differentiated from THP-1 cells following Pg and/or Pe LPS stimulation from reference strain and clinical isolates. A modified LPS purification protocol was implemented and the electrophoretic LPS profiles were characterized. THP-1 human monocytes differentiated to macrophages were stimulated with Pg and Pe LPS. Polarization profiles were characterized through cell surface markers and secreted cytokines levels after 24 h of stimulation. TLR2 and TLR4 cell surfaces and transcriptional levels were determined after 24 or 2 h of LPS stimulation, respectively. LPS from Pg induced a predominant M1 profile in macrophages evidenced by changes in the expression of the surface marker CD64 and pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Pe LPS was unable to induce a significant response. TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were neither modified by Pg or Pe LPS. Pg LPS, but not Pe LPS, induced a macrophage M1 Profile.